Localization of motoneurons innervating perineal muscles: a HRP study in cat

Sato, Manabu; Mizuno, Noboru; Konishi, Akira

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(78)90244-5

Cited by 157 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, in rats, carnivores and primates, these neurons are located in the dorsomedial nucleus of the ventral horn of the SC lumbo-sacral segments (Dekker et al, 1973;Konishi et al, 1978;Sato et al, 1978;Yamamoto et al, 1978;Breedlove and Arnold, 1980;Nakagawa, 1980;Kuzuhara et al, 1980;Schrøder, 1980Schrøder, , 1981Breedlove et al, 1983;Roppolo et al, 1985;Katagiri et al, 1986;McKenna and Nadelhaft, 1986;Holstege and Tan, 1987;Peshori et al, 1995;Marson and Carson, 1999;Tang et al, 1999;Verroneau-Longueville et al, 1999;Holstege, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the rat (Breedlove and Arnold, 1980;Schrøder, 1980;Katagiri et al, 1986;McKenna and Nadelhaft, 1986;Kurz et al, 1990;Vercelli and Cracco, 1990;Peshori et al, 1995;Veronneau-Longueville et al, 1999) and carnivora Sato et al, 1978;Kuzuhara et al, 1980;Thor et al, 1989), by means of retrograde neuronal tracers, its somatic motoneurons have been localized in a close topographical relation with those of the EAS ones, in a dorsomedial nucleus of the ventral horn of the SC lumbo-sacral segments. On the contrary, in the gerbil (Ulibarri et al, 1995) the motoneurons projecting to the BSM have been localized dorsolaterally with respect to the central canal, in the lumbo-sacral segments (L5-L6-S1-S2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Striated Perineal Muscles: Location of Autonomic, Sensory, and Somatic Neurons Projecting to the Male Pig Bulbospongiosus Muscle

Botti

Ragionieri

Gazza

et al. 2009

The Anatomical Record

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The location, number, and size of the neurons innervating the bulbospongiosus muscle (BSM) were studied in male pigs, by means of Fast Blue (FB) retrograde transport. After injection of FB into the left BSM, labeled neurons were found bilaterally in the L2-S4 sympathetic trunk ganglia (STGs), in the caudal mesenteric ganglia (CMGs), in the microganglia of the pelvic plexus (PGs), in a dorsolateral area with respect to the central canal of S1-S3 segments of the spinal cord (SC) and in the S1-S4 ipsilateral and S2-S3 contralateral spinal ganglia (SGs). The mean number of labeled FB cells was 3,122 AE 1,968 in STGs, 979 AE 667 in CMGs, 108 AE 104 in PGs, 89 AE 39 in SC and 77 AE 23 in SGs. The area of the multipolar neurons was 852 AE 22 lm 2 in the STGs, 878 AE 23 lm 2 in the CMGs and 922 AE 31 lm 2 in the PGs. The multipolar SC neurons had an area of 1,057 AE 38 lm 2 , while pseudounipolar SG cells had dimensions of 2,281 AE 129 lm 2 . Our research enables us to highlight two peculiarities regarding the innervation of the boar BSM: the very high number of labeled autonomic neurons and the particular localization of the motor somatic nucleus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Striated Perineal Muscles: Location of Autonomic, Sensory, and Somatic Neurons Projecting to the Male Pig Bulbospongiosus Muscle

Botti

Ragionieri

Gazza

et al. 2009

The Anatomical Record

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“…The retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from selected muscles to motoneurons was used (Burke et al, 1977;Sato et al, 1978;Richmond et al, 1978; Matusda et al, 1978;Landmesser, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The segmental localization of motor columns innervating primate forelimb muscles was originally described by Sherrington (1898) in studies involving stimulation of individual ventral nerve roots. Although the somatotopic organization of motor columns in the anterior horn has been reported for the cat lumbosacral cord (Romanes, 1951;Burke et al, 1977;Sato et al, 1978), the only topographical data available for the monkey cervical cord relate to the distribution of motoneurons that contribute to individual ventral roots (Sprague, 1948) and major peripheral nerves (Reed, 1940).In the present study we sought to determine both the segmental and topographical organization of individual motor columns involved in controlling hand movement in the monkey. The retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from selected muscles to motoneurons was used (Burke et al, 1977;Sato et al, 1978;Richmond et al, 1978; Matusda et al, 1978;Landmesser, 1978).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Principles of motor organization of the monkey cervical spinal cord

Jenny¹,

Inukai²

1983

J. Neurosci.

164

152

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The organization of spinal cord motor columns innervating 18 selected macaque forelimb muscles was studied with the technique of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. The reliability of the method was evaluated in the cat hindlimb.Motor columns innervating forearm muscles with similar actions on the hand appear to overlap in the anterior horn. Extensor motoneurons are generally positioned ventral and/or lateral to flexor motoneurons. Motoneurons controlling hand movement are located primarily in segments C8 and Tl.Motoneurons that innervate individual muscles are arranged in rostrocaudal columns in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. The segmental localization of motor columns innervating primate forelimb muscles was originally described by Sherrington (1898) in studies involving stimulation of individual ventral nerve roots. Although the somatotopic organization of motor columns in the anterior horn has been reported for the cat lumbosacral cord (Romanes, 1951;Burke et al., 1977;Sato et al., 1978), the only topographical data available for the monkey cervical cord relate to the distribution of motoneurons that contribute to individual ventral roots (Sprague, 1948) and major peripheral nerves (Reed, 1940).In the present study we sought to determine both the segmental and topographical organization of individual motor columns involved in controlling hand movement in the monkey. The retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from selected muscles to motoneurons was used (Burke et al., 1977;Sato et al., 1978;Richmond et al., 1978; Matusda et al., 1978;Landmesser, 1978). Materials and MethodsThe studies were carried out in 10 Macaca mulatta and 4 M. fuscicularis monkeys of both sexes (2.9 to 4.2 kg). The reliability of the method was first evaluated in the cat.Injection barbiturate anesthesia the desired muscle was exposed and, with the use of an operating microscope, was carefully dissected from surrounding muscles. Care was taken to preserve the neurovascular pedicle. Muscles were identified by anatomic position, tendinous insertion, and when necessary, by electrical stimulation of the muscle (Hartman and Straus, 1933). The muscles were injected from a 27 gauge needle over 15 min at multiple sites with a saline solution of HRP (25,000 units/ml, Sigma HRP type VI, St. Louis, MO). Sufficient HRP was injected to render each muscle a dark brown color. To prevent the spread of HRP to adjacent muscles, Silastic and cotton barriers were positioned between the muscle to be injected and the surrounding muscle groups. The tissues surrounding the injected muscle were irrigated frequently with normal saline after the injection. By 3 hr, the injected muscle had returned to a more normal appearance and visible HRP leakage had stopped. Less frequent irrigation was continued for approximately 12 hr postinjection and the Silastic and cotton barriers remained in place for the duration of the experiment. Study of the spinal cord. After 48 hr under anesthesia, each animal was heparinized and perfused th...

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Distribution of dopamine immunoreactivity in the rat, cat, and monkey spinal cord

et al. 1996

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In the present study, the distribution of dopamine (DA) was identified light microscopically in all segments of the rat, cat, and monkey spinal cord by using immunocytochemistry with antibodies directed against dopamine. Only fibers and (presumed) terminals were found to be immunoreactive for DA. Strongest DA labeling was present in the sympathetic intermediolateral cell column (IML). Strong DA labeling, consisting of many varicose fibers, was found in all laminae of the dorsal horn, including the central canal area (region X), but with the exception of the substantia gelatinosa, which was only sparsely labeled, especially in rat and monkey. In the motoneuronal cell groups DA labeling was also strong and showed a fine granular appearance. The sexually dimorphic cremaster nucleus and Onuf's nucleus (or its homologue) showed a much stronger labeling than the surrounding somatic motoneurons. In the parasympathetic area at sacral levels, labeling was moderate. The remaining areas, like the intermediate zone (laminae VI-VIII), were only sparsely innervated. The dorsal nucleus (column of Clarke) showed the fewest DA fibers, as did the central cervical nucleus, suggesting that cerebellar projecting cells were avoided by the DA projection. In all species, the descending fibers were located mostly in the dorsolateral funiculus, but laminae I and III also contained many rostrocaudally oriented fibers. It is concluded that DA is widely distributed within the spinal cord, with few differences between species, emphasizing that DA plays an important role as one of the monoamines that influences sensory input as well as autonomic and motor output at the spinal level.

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Localization of motoneurons innervating perineal muscles: a HRP study in cat

Cited by 157 publications

References 9 publications

Striated Perineal Muscles: Location of Autonomic, Sensory, and Somatic Neurons Projecting to the Male Pig Bulbospongiosus Muscle

Striated Perineal Muscles: Location of Autonomic, Sensory, and Somatic Neurons Projecting to the Male Pig Bulbospongiosus Muscle

Principles of motor organization of the monkey cervical spinal cord

Distribution of dopamine immunoreactivity in the rat, cat, and monkey spinal cord

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