Localization of glucose transporter GLUT 3 in brain: Comparison of rodent and dog using species-specific carboxyl-terminal antisera

Gerhart, David Z.; Leino, Richard L.; Borson, Nancy D.; Taylor, William E.; Gronlund, Kathryn M.; McCall, Anthony L.; Drewes, Lester R.

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)00544-f

Cited by 59 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, as is evident in Fig. 1, which depicts rat cerebellar granule neurons in culture and pyramidal neurons in human hippocampus, labeling is evident in axons and dendrites as well as in the neuronal cell bodies (44,71,75,78,82,84,128).…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 80%

The facilitative glucose transporter GLUT3: 20 years of distinction

Simpson

Dwyer

Malide

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

397

322

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Glucose metabolism is vital to most mammalian cells, and the passage of glucose across cell membranes is facilitated by a family of integral membrane transporter proteins, the GLUTs. There are currently 14 members of the SLC2 family of GLUTs, several of which have been the focus of this series of reviews. The subject of the present review is GLUT3, which, as implied by its name, was the third glucose transporter to be cloned (Kayano T, Fukumoto H, Eddy RL, Fan YS, Byers MG, Shows TB, Bell GI. J Biol Chem 263: [15245][15246][15247][15248] 1988) and was originally designated as the neuronal GLUT. The overriding question that drove the early work on GLUT3 was why would neurons need a separate glucose transporter isoform? What is it about GLUT3 that specifically suits the needs of the highly metabolic and oxidative neuron with its high glucose demand? More recently, GLUT3 has been studied in other cell types with quite specific requirements for glucose, including sperm, preimplantation embryos, circulating white blood cells, and an array of carcinoma cell lines. The last are sufficiently varied and numerous to warrant a review of their own and will not be discussed here. However, for each of these cases, the same questions apply. Thus, the objective of this review is to discuss the properties and tissue and cellular localization of GLUT3 as well as the features of expression, function, and regulation that distinguish it from the rest of its family and make it uniquely suited as the mediator of glucose delivery to these specific cells.neurons; sperm; preimplantation embryo; white blood cells GLUCOSE METABOLISM IS VITAL to most mammalian cells, and the passage of glucose across cell membranes is facilitated by a family of integral membrane transporter proteins, the GLUTs. There are currently 14 members of the SLC2 family of GLUTs, several of which have been the focus of this series of reviews. The subject of the present review is GLUT3 which, as implied by its name, was the third glucose transporter to be cloned (62) and was originally designated as the neuronal glucose transporter. Together with GLUT1, -2, and -4, it comprises the Class 1 group of transporters (For review see Refs. 15,81,121). With the cloning of GLUT3, it became apparent that the brain did not rely exclusively on GLUT1 and that GLUT3 was highly and specifically expressed by neurons. Thus, GLUT3 became the third facilitative glucose transporter isoform with unique characteristics suited for cell-specific expression and function. GLUT2 is ideally suited for expression in liver and pancreas due to its high K m for glucose; GLUT4 and its translocation from intracellular vesicles to the cell surface facilitates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive cells: muscle and fat. The overriding question that drove the early work in GLUT3 in the brain was: why would neurons need a separate glucose transporter isoform; what is it about GLUT3 that specifically suits the needs of the highly metabolic and oxidative neuron with its high glucose demand?...

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Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 80%

The facilitative glucose transporter GLUT3: 20 years of distinction

Simpson

Dwyer

Malide

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

397

322

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The Glucose-3 Transporter (GLUT-3) is expressed solely in the CNS of rodents, but can also be found in some human peripheral tissues (99). In fact, there is tremendous diversity in its distribution of this transporter in people, with two-to threefold higher concentrations existing in the cerebral cortex of adults as compared to neonates but similar adult-neonate levels being observed in the cerebellum (100).…”

Section: Blood-cns Partitioning: Passive Versus Active Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In dogs, rodents, and people, it is primarily located in the grey matter of the cerebral cortex, portions of the hypothalamus, medulla, thalamus, and the parallel fibers of the cerebellum. Species differences in GLUT-3 distribution were also seen in blood brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells, being present in the cerebro-vascular walls of dogs and people but absent in the vascular walls of rats (99,100). …”

Section: Blood-cns Partitioning: Passive Versus Active Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing the Use and Interpretation of Animal Models in the Development of Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems

Martinez

2011

AAPS J

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Abstract. Depending upon the drug and drug delivery platform, species-specific physiological differences can lead to errors in the interspecies extrapolation of drug performance. This manuscript provides an overview of the species-specific physiological variables that can influence the performance of parenteral dosage forms such as in situ forming delivery systems, nanoparticles, microspheres, liposomes, targeted delivery systems, lipophilic solutions, and aqueous suspensions. Also discussed are those factors that can influence the partitioning of therapeutic compounds into tumors, the central nervous system and the lymphatics. Understanding interspecies differences in the movement and absorption of molecules is important to the interpretation of data generated through the use of animal models when studying parenteral drug delivery.

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“…Expression of this transporter in astrocytes is fundamental for central glucose sensing and regulation of food intake (30)(31)(32)(33). In contrast, GLUT-3 is expressed primarily in neurons throughout the brain (34)(35)(36).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin regulates glutamate and glucose transporters in hypothalamic astrocytes

Fuente-Martín¹,

García‐Cáceres²,

Granado³

et al. 2012

J. Clin. Invest.

174

186

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Glial cells perform critical functions that alter the metabolism and activity of neurons, and there is increasing interest in their role in appetite and energy balance. Leptin, a key regulator of appetite and metabolism, has previously been reported to influence glial structural proteins and morphology. Here, we demonstrate that metabolic status and leptin also modify astrocyte-specific glutamate and glucose transporters, indicating that metabolic signals influence synaptic efficacy and glucose uptake and, ultimately, neuronal function. We found that basal and glucose-stimulated electrical activity of hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in mice were altered in the offspring of mothers fed a high-fat diet. In adulthood, increased body weight and fasting also altered the expression of glucose and glutamate transporters. These results demonstrate that whole-organism metabolism alters hypothalamic glial cell activity and suggest that these cells play an important role in the pathology of obesity.

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Localization of glucose transporter GLUT 3 in brain: Comparison of rodent and dog using species-specific carboxyl-terminal antisera

Cited by 59 publications

References 19 publications

The facilitative glucose transporter GLUT3: 20 years of distinction

The facilitative glucose transporter GLUT3: 20 years of distinction

Factors Influencing the Use and Interpretation of Animal Models in the Development of Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems

Leptin regulates glutamate and glucose transporters in hypothalamic astrocytes

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