Localization of glucoamylase genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by pulsed field gel electrophoresis

Bignell, Graham R.; Evans, Ivor H.

doi:10.1007/bf02388079

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The DNA sequences of these genes are nearly identical, but they were given different names as they were located on different chromosomes and linkage groups (Tamaki 1978). Using pulsedfield gel electrophoresis, STA genes have been identified on chromosomes II, IV, and XIV (Pretorius and Marmu 1988;Bignell and Evans 1990). In addition to these, long-read sequencing data also suggests that STA1 can be found on chromosomes IX and X, in the S. cerevisiae A-81062 and WLP570 'Beer 2' strains, respectively (Krogerus et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A re-evaluation of diastatic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and their role in brewing

Krogerus

Gibson

2020

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Diastatic strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae possess the unique ability to hydrolyze and ferment long-chain oligosaccharides like dextrin and starch. They have long been regarded as important spoilage microbes in beer, but recent studies have inspired a re-evaluation of the significance of the group. Rather than being merely wild-yeast contaminants, they are highly specialized, domesticated yeasts belonging to a major brewing yeast lineage. In fact, many diastatic strains have unknowingly been used as production strains for decades. These yeasts are used in the production of traditional beer styles, like saison, but also show potential for creation of new beers with novel chemical and physical properties. Herein, we review results of the most recent studies and provide a detailed account of the structure, regulation, and functional role of the glucoamylase-encoding STA1 gene in relation to brewing and other fermentation industries. The state of the art in detecting diastatic yeast in the brewery is also summarized. In summary, these latest results highlight that having diastatic S. cerevisiae in your brewery is not necessarily a bad thing. Key Points•Diastatic S. cerevisiae strains are important spoilage microbes in brewery fermentations. •These strains belong to the 'Beer 2' or 'Mosaic beer' brewing yeast lineage. •Diastatic strains have unknowingly been used as production strains in breweries.•The STA1-encoded glucoamylase enables efficient maltotriose use.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A re-evaluation of diastatic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and their role in brewing

Krogerus

Gibson

2020

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…Every Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain has a sporulation-specific glucoamylase gene called SGAl (Yamashita and Fukui 1985 ;Pretorius et al 1986;Erratt and Nasim 1986). The STAI, STA2 and STA3 genes are located on chromosomes IV, I1 and XIV, respectively, while the SGAl gene is on chromosome IX (Pretorius and Marmur 1988;Bignell and Evans 1990). Yamashita et al (1987) proposed that an ancestral STAl gene had been generated by sequential gene fusions of SGAl and two other chromosomal regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of STA gene sequences in brewer's yeast genome

Balogh

Maráz

1996

Lett Appl Microbiol

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STA genes are responsible for producing extracellular glucoamylase enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. diastaticus. These genes exist in three forms, which are located on three different chromosomes. The nucleotide sequences of the STA genes are highly homologous. A sporulation-specific glucoamylase gene called SGA1 exists in every Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, this also having a partly homologous DNA sequence with the STA genes. In this study S. cerevisiae var. diastaticus and brewer's yeast strains were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. In many cases chromosome length polymorphism (CLP) was found. The chromosomes were hybridized with a DNA probe which was homologous with STA genes and the SGA1 gene. Presence of the SGA1 gene was detected in each strain used. Four brewing yeasts were found to have homologous sequences with the STA3 gene on chromosome XIV despite the fact that these strains were not able to produce extracellular glucoamylase enzyme.

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Transfer of genes for utilization of starch (sta2) and melibiose (mel) to industrial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by single-chromosome transfer, using a kar1 mutant as vector

Spencer

Figueroa

et al. 1992

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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A method has been developed for the transfer of genes from other yeast strains and species to industrial yeast strains, using a haploid, kar1-1 mutant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a vector. The sta2 gene, conferring the ability to metabolize starch was transferred from an auxotrophic haploid strain of S. cerevisiae (S. diastaticus) and the melibiose-metabolism (mel) gene(s), from S. kluyveri, to the kar1-1 mutant [K5-5A; (alpha ade2 his4 can1 gal) by normal mating and protoplast fusion. From this strain, the genes were transferred to baker's yeast and brewing yeast strains, which did not utilize starch, and to baker's yeast strains, which did not utilize melibiose, by protoplast fusion, spore-cell pairing, or rare-mating. Strains that utilized starch or melibiose were obtained by all three methods. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis preparations showed little change in the mobility of the chromosomes of the hybrids. The most probable explanation for the results obtained is that single chromosomes were transferred, first, from the donor strains to the kar1-1 haploid mutant strain, and then from the kar1-1 vector to the recipient industrial strain of S. cerevisiae. The transfer of the genes is probably accomplished through formation of disomic strains and then, in the case of the hybrids that metabolize starch, by integration of the sta2 gene into the genome of the industrial yeast strains.

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Localization of glucoamylase genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by pulsed field gel electrophoresis

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

A re-evaluation of diastatic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and their role in brewing

A re-evaluation of diastatic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and their role in brewing

Presence of STA gene sequences in brewer's yeast genome

Transfer of genes for utilization of starch (sta2) and melibiose (mel) to industrial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by single-chromosome transfer, using a kar1 mutant as vector

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