Localization of Bud2p, a GTPase-activating protein necessary for programming cell polarity in yeast to the presumptive bud site

Park, Hay-Oak; Sanson, Anthony; Herskowitz, Ira

doi:10.1101/gad.13.15.1912

Cited by 68 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, in late G1, both Rsr1p and its regulators become concentrated at the polarization site (Park et al 1999(Park et al , 2002Kang et al 2001;Marston et al 2001), consistent with the idea that they are somehow regulated by the CDK. However, that behavior could also reflect regulation of bud-site selection proteins downstream of Cdc42p localization.…”

Section: Polarity Establishment In G1supporting

confidence: 66%

“…Bud-site selection: Before polarity establishment in G1, Rsr1p is localized all over the plasma membrane Park et al 2002), while its GEF Bud5p is concentrated near the various landmark proteins (Kang et al 2001;Marston et al 2001) and its GAP Bud2p is delocalized (Park et al 1999;Marston et al 2001). This pattern suggests that GTP-Rsr1p would be concentrated near the landmarks.…”

Section: Polarity Establishment In G1mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Morphogenesis and the Cell Cycle

2012

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Studies of the processes leading to the construction of a bud and its separation from the mother cell in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have provided foundational paradigms for the mechanisms of polarity establishment, cytoskeletal organization, and cytokinesis. Here we review our current understanding of how these morphogenetic events occur and how they are controlled by the cellcycle-regulatory cyclin-CDK system. In addition, defects in morphogenesis provide signals that feed back on the cyclin-CDK system, and we review what is known regarding regulation of cell-cycle progression in response to such defects, primarily acting through the kinase Swe1p. The bidirectional communication between morphogenesis and the cell cycle is crucial for successful proliferation, and its study has illuminated many elegant and often unexpected regulatory mechanisms. Despite considerable progress, however, many of the most puzzling mysteries in this field remain to be resolved.

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Section: Polarity Establishment In G1supporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Polarity Establishment In G1mentioning

confidence: 97%

Morphogenesis and the Cell Cycle

2012

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“…Moreover, in Candida Bud5 is localized to hyphal tips [45]. Similarly, in S. cerevisiae, Rsr1 and Bud5 become concentrated at the polarity site during bud emergence [22,23,25]. In addition, RSR1 overexpression was found to partly suppress the temperature sensitivity of specific cdc42 alleles [46], suggesting that Rsr1 can assist in polarity establishment per se, in addition to influencing the position of the polarity site.…”

Section: (D) Localized Rsr1 -Gef Could Interfere With Competitionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The GAP, Bud2, promotes GTP hydrolysis by Rsr1, thereby restricting Rsr1-GTP accumulation to the vicinity of the landmarks [21,22,27]. Rsr1-GTP binds to the Cdc42-directed GEF, Cdc24, promoting localized GTP-loading of Cdc42 [28,29] (figure 2d).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction between bud-site selection and polarity-establishment machineries in budding yeast

Savage

Lew

2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells polarize in order to form a single bud in each cell cycle. Distinct patterns of bud-site selection are observed in haploid and diploid cells. Genetic approaches have identified the molecular machinery responsible for positioning the bud site: during bud formation, specific locations are marked with immobile landmark proteins. In the next cell cycle, landmarks act through the Ras-family GTPase Rsr1 to promote local activation of the conserved Rho-family GTPase, Cdc42. Additional Cdc42 accumulates by positive feedback, creating a concentrated patch of GTP-Cdc42, which polarizes the cytoskeleton to promote bud emergence. Using time-lapse imaging and mathematical modelling, we examined the process of bud-site establishment. Imaging reveals unexpected effects of the bud-site-selection system on the dynamics of polarity establishment, raising new questions about how that system may operate. We found that polarity factors sometimes accumulate at more than one site among the landmark-specified locations, and we suggest that competition between clusters of polarity factors determines the final location of the Cdc42 cluster. Modelling indicated that temporally constant landmark-localized Rsr1 would weaken or block competition, yielding more than one polarity site. Instead, we suggest that polarity factors recruit Rsr1, effectively sequestering it from other locations and thereby terminating landmark activity.

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Mum, this bud's for you: Where do you want it? roles for Cdc42 in controlling bud site selection in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Nelson

2003

BioEssays

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SummaryThe generation of asymmetric cell shapes is a recurring theme in biology. In budding yeast, one form of cell asymmetry occurs for division and is generated by anisotropic growth of the mother cell to form a daughter cell bud. Previous genetic studies uncovered key roles for the small GTPase Cdc42 in organizing the actin cytoskeleton and vesicle delivery to the site of bud growth, (1,2) but a recent paper has also raised questions about how control of Cdc42 activity is integrated into a proposed hierarchical regulatory pathway that specifies a unique site of bud formation. (3) Cell asymmetry in budding yeastCells have a wide variety of shapes; for example, the shape of an epithelial cell and a neuron are very different. Even the same cell can often change its shape rapidly, for example during cell migration or cell division. (4) How does this asymmetry in cell shape arise? What defines the point of asymmetry, and how are cytoskeleton and membrane dynamics altered to drive changes in cell shape? The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is an extremely useful organism to define how asymmetric cell shape is generated. (5,6) During vegative growth, the cell (termed the mother cell) initiates new membrane growth at one site on the plasma membrane, termed a bud. The bud continues to grow during the cell cycle and eventually becomes the new daughter cell upon completion of the next round of karyokinesis and cytokinesis. Formation of the daughter cell bud is dependent on delivery of vesicles from the mother cell, which requires that the actin cytoskeleton and vesicle delivery are oriented along the mother-daughter cell axis. During this time, the mother cell does not increase in size.

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Localization of Bud2p, a GTPase-activating protein necessary for programming cell polarity in yeast to the presumptive bud site

Cited by 68 publications

References 31 publications

Morphogenesis and the Cell Cycle

Morphogenesis and the Cell Cycle

Interaction between bud-site selection and polarity-establishment machineries in budding yeast

Mum, this bud's for you: Where do you want it? roles for Cdc42 in controlling bud site selection in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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