Localization of actin filaments and cortical microtubules in wood-forming tissues of conifers

Begum, Shahanara; Furusawa, Osamu; Shibagaki, Masaki; Nakaba, Satoshi; Yamagishi, Yusuke; Yoshimoto, Joto; Rahman, Hasnat; Sano, Yuichi; Funada, Ryo

doi:10.1163/22941932-40190255

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…A number of studies have investigated the cytoskeleton dynamics in xylary cells undergoing SCW deposition employing different image techniques [51][52][53]. Microfilaments align longitudinally in fusiform cambial cells and their derivatives in both angiosperms and gymnosperms, while microtubules switch from a transverse to an oblique orientation during SCW formation [54,55]. Furthermore, the cytoskeleton arrangement differs in fibres depositing a G-layer where both microfilaments and microtubules are arranged axially [54].…”

Section: Cytoskeleton Roles In Scw Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the cytoskeleton arrangement differs in fibres depositing a G-layer where both microfilaments and microtubules are arranged axially [54]. Finally, microfilaments and microtubules associate with pit formation in tracheids and fibres [54,55]. This review, therefore, investigates and summarises our current understanding of the role played by the cytoskeleton in guiding SCW deposition in xylary cells before proposing a mechanistic molecular model for MFA determination in response to gravitational stimulus.…”

Section: Cytoskeleton Roles In Scw Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Cytoskeleton and Its Role in Determining Cellulose Microfibril Angle in Secondary Cell Walls of Woody Tree Species

Tobias

Spokevicius

McFarlane

et al. 2020

Plants

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Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular control of secondary cell wall (SCW) formation have shed light on molecular mechanisms that underpin domestication traits related to wood formation. One such trait is the cellulose microfibril angle (MFA), an important wood quality determinant that varies along tree developmental phases and in response to gravitational stimulus. The cytoskeleton, mainly composed of microtubules and actin filaments, collectively contribute to plant growth and development by participating in several cellular processes, including cellulose deposition. Studies in Arabidopsis have significantly aided our understanding of the roles of microtubules in xylem cell development during which correct SCW deposition and patterning are essential to provide structural support and allow for water transport. In contrast, studies relating to SCW formation in xylary elements performed in woody trees remain elusive. In combination, the data reviewed here suggest that the cytoskeleton plays important roles in determining the exact sites of cellulose deposition, overall SCW patterning and more specifically, the alignment and orientation of cellulose microfibrils. By relating the reviewed evidence to the process of wood formation, we present a model of microtubule participation in determining MFA in woody trees forming reaction wood (RW).

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Section: Cytoskeleton Roles In Scw Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cytoskeleton Roles In Scw Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cytoskeleton and Its Role in Determining Cellulose Microfibril Angle in Secondary Cell Walls of Woody Tree Species

Tobias

Spokevicius

McFarlane

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…Studies on Arundo donax and Phyllostachys aurea show that protoxylem vessels can have annular thickenings with large diameters as a single bundle [ 47 ]. Helical patterns can also be found in tracheids, such as those in Pinus densiflora [ 48 ] and fibres, e.g. ground tissue fibre in Loropetalum [ 49 ].…”

Section: Xylem Organization and Secondary Cell Wall Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary cell wall patterning—connecting the dots, pits and helices

Giannetti

Sugiyama

et al. 2022

Open Biol.

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All plant cells are encased in primary cell walls that determine plant morphology, but also protect the cells against the environment. Certain cells also produce a secondary wall that supports mechanically demanding processes, such as maintaining plant body stature and water transport inside plants. Both these walls are primarily composed of polysaccharides that are arranged in certain patterns to support cell functions. A key requisite for patterned cell walls is the arrangement of cortical microtubules that may direct the delivery of wall polymers and/or cell wall producing enzymes to certain plasma membrane locations. Microtubules also steer the synthesis of cellulose—the load-bearing structure in cell walls—at the plasma membrane. The organization and behaviour of the microtubule array are thus of fundamental importance to cell wall patterns. These aspects are controlled by the coordinated effort of small GTPases that probably coordinate a Turing's reaction–diffusion mechanism to drive microtubule patterns. Here, we give an overview on how wall patterns form in the water-transporting xylem vessels of plants. We discuss systems that have been used to dissect mechanisms that underpin the xylem wall patterns, emphasizing the VND6 and VND7 inducible systems, and outline challenges that lay ahead in this field.

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“…They explore the hypothesis that "pit membranes enable water transport under negative pressure by producing stable, surfactant coated nanobubbles while preventing the entry of large bubbles that would cause embolism". Also, on the topic of pitting but from the perspective of the cytoskeleton and pit formation, Begum et al (2019) explore the role of actin filaments and cortical microtubules during wood formation in conifers. This is followed by three papers, 1) on the localisation of extractives and their relationship to cell wall microporosity in Douglas fir (Donaldson et al 2019), 2) on the distribution of pectins and hemicelluloses in tension wood of European ash (Kim & Daniel 2019), and 3) on tension wood in a large sample of tropical hardwoods (Ghislain et al 2019).…”

Section: Wood Cell Wall Ultrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%