Localization of a human system for sustained attention by positron emission tomography

Pardo, José V.; Fox, Peter T.; Raichle, Marcus E.

doi:10.1038/349061a0

Cited by 1,208 publications

(683 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The alerting system, encompassing the noradrenergic locus coeruleus influences on mainly right hemisphere structures, was responsible for maintaining general vigilance. Early PET studies on attention and vigilance by Pardo et al (1990) supported the framework of Posner and Petersen (1990) : performance of a Stroop selective attention task-activated ACC, whereas a vigilance task-activated right lateral prefrontal and parietal cortex did not activate the ACC (Pardo et al, 1991). On the basis of, in part, this framework, Corbetta et al (1991) concluded that the ACC modulated the lower visual area activity during a divided attention task, and Raichle et al (1994) implicated the ACC as supporting novelty processing.…”

Section: Cognitive Neuroscience Influences Relevant To Adhd Researchmentioning

confidence: 80%

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Networks

Bush

2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

294

251

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Research attempting to elucidate the neuropathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has not only shed light on the disorder itself, it has simultaneously provided new insights into the mechanisms of normal cognition and attention. This review will highlight and integrate this bidirectional flow of information. Following a brief overview of ADHD clinical phenomenology, ADHD studies will be placed into a wider historical perspective by providing illustrative examples of how major models of attention have influenced the development of neurocircuitry models of ADHD. The review will then identify major components of neural systems potentially relevant to ADHD, including attention networks, reward/feedbackbased processing systems, as well as a 'default mode' resting state network. Further, it will suggest ways in which these systems may interact and be influenced by neuromodulatory factors. Recent ADHD imaging data will be selectively provided to both illustrate the field's current level of knowledge and to show how such data can inform our understanding of normal brain functions. The review will conclude by suggesting possible avenues for future research.

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Section: Cognitive Neuroscience Influences Relevant To Adhd Researchmentioning

confidence: 80%

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Networks

Bush

2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

294

251

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“…In addition, previous resting electroencephalogram and fMRI studies have suggested that right frontal activation is involved in negative emotional states, increased vigilance in anxiety, and withdrawal behavior [28,[39][40][41] . The right superior frontal cortex was also found to activate more for negative emotion in an fMRI study of generalized social phobia [42] and to be active during sustained vigilance tasks in healthy individuals [32] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Increased blood flow in the inferior parietal lobule has also been reported in different paradigms such as symptom provocation [28] and cognitive activation [29] in patients suffering from PTSD. The inferior parietal cortex is involved in mediating visuospatial processing [30][31][32][33] which performs a vital function in preparation for coping with a physical threat and survival in life-threatening situations [34] . Evidence suggests that enhancement of memory, including nonverbal visual memory, for traumatic events exists in PTSD [34,35] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered regional homogeneity in post-traumatic stress disorder: a restingstate functional magnetic resonance imaging study

et al. 2012

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Objective Little is known about the brain systems that contribute to vulnerability to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Comparison of the resting-state patterns of intrinsic functional synchronization, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), between groups with and without PTSD following a traumatic event can help identify the neural mechanisms of the disorder and targets for intervention. Methods Fifty-four PTSD patients and 72 matched traumatized subjects who experienced the 2008 Sichuan earthquake were imaged with blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI and analyzed using the measure of regional homogeneity (ReHo) during the resting state. Results PTSD patients presented enhanced ReHo in the left inferior parietal lobule and right superior frontal gyrus, and reduced ReHo in the right middle temporal gyrus and lingual gyrus, relative to traumatized individuals without PTSD. Conclusion Our findings showed that abnormal brain activity exists under resting conditions in PTSD patients who had been exposed to a major earthquake. Alterations in the local functional connectivity of cortical regions are likely to contribute to the neural mechanisms underlying PTSD.

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“…Figure 6 presents a neuropsychological model for P3a and P3b based on these results (Polich, 2003). Discrimination between target and standard stimuli in an oddball paradigm is hypothesized to initiate frontal lobe activity that is sensitive to the attentional demands induced by task performance (Pardo et al, 1991;Posner, 1992;Posner and Petersen, 1990). fMRI and ERP findings have demonstrated frontal lobe activity for the detection of rare or physically alerting stimuli (McCarthy et al, 1997;Potts et al, 1996;Verbaten et al, 1997).…”

Section: Neural Origins Of P3a and P3bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updating P300: An integrative theory of P3a and P3b

Polich

2007

Clinical Neurophysiology

6,304

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The empirical and theoretical development of the P300 event-related brain potential (ERP) is reviewed by considering factors that contribute to its amplitude, latency, and general characteristics. The neuropsychological origins of the P3a and P3b subcomponents are detailed, and how target/ standard discrimination difficulty modulates scalp topography is discussed. The neural loci of P3a and P3b generation are outlined, and a cognitive model is proffered: P3a originates from stimulusdriven frontal attention mechanisms during task processing, whereas P3b originates from temporalparietal activity associated with attention and appears related to subsequent memory processing. Neurotransmitter actions associating P3a to frontal/dopaminergic and P3b to parietal/norepinephrine pathways are highlighted. Neuroinhibition is suggested as an overarching theoretical mechanism for P300, which is elicited when stimulus detection engages memory operations.

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Localization of a human system for sustained attention by positron emission tomography

Cited by 1,208 publications

References 9 publications

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Networks

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Networks

Altered regional homogeneity in post-traumatic stress disorder: a restingstate functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Updating P300: An integrative theory of P3a and P3b

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