Localization and quantification of the dopamine transporter: comparison of [3H]WIN 35,428 and [125I]RTI-55

Coulter, Cynthia L.; Happe, H. Kevin; Bergman, Debra A.; Murrin, L. Charles

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00614-v

Cited by 46 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The higher doses of atomoxetine produced longer lasting increases in NE EX and greater increases in DA EX than the low dose. However, atomoxetine did not increase DA EX in the DA and DA transporter-rich areasnucleus accumbens and striatum (Soucy et al 1997;Coulter et al 1995). This report is in agreement with tration of vehicle or atomoxetine at time 0 h is indicated by the arrow.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Values are the mean Ϯ SEM of the % of pre-drug baseline determined at Ϫ1, Ϫ0.5 and 0 h. Adminis-studies using reboxetine and desipramine that have shown selective NE uptake inhibitors increase DA EX as well as NE EX in PFC, but not in the nucleus accumbens (Tanda et al 1994;Linnèr et al 2001) or striatum (Carboni et al 1990;Di Chiara et al 1992). The transporters for NE are relatively abundant compared with DA transporters in the PFC (Gehlert et al 1993;Soucy et al 1997;Coulter et al 1995;Sesack et al 1998) and it has been determined that DA is taken up non-selectively by NE transporters in the PFC (Carboni et al 1990;Di Chiara et al 1992;Tanda et al 1997;Yamamoto and Novotney 1998) as well as co-released (Devoto et al 2001). The NE transporter has similar affinities for NE and DA (Raiteri et al 1977) and presumably extracellularly-released DA may diffuse transsynaptically to NE transporters (Yamamoto and Novotney 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atomoxetine Increases Extracellular Levels of Norepinephrine and Dopamine in Prefrontal Cortex of Rat A Potential Mechanism for Efficacy in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Bymaster

Katner

Nelson

et al. 2002

Neuropsychopharmacology

994

790

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomoxetine Increases Extracellular Levels of Norepinephrine and Dopamine in Prefrontal Cortex of Rat A Potential Mechanism for Efficacy in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Bymaster

Katner

Nelson

et al. 2002

Neuropsychopharmacology

994

790

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“…Although the distribution of DAT in the superficial layers of the anterior cingulate cortex matches the innervation by dopamine axons, the DAT fiber density in the deep layers of the prelimbic and infralimbic cortices underestimates the known distribution of dopamine axons in these areas. These observations are supported by biochemical reports of low DAT protein levels in the medial PFC and by autoradiographic studies describing fewer DAT sites in the deep layers of the prelimbic cortex versus the cingulate cortex or subcortical sites [Scatton et al (1985); Coulter et al (1995); but see Descarries et al (1987)]. These findings suggest that the density of DAT in Figure 7.…”

Section: Methodology and Comparison To Published Findings Light Microsupporting

confidence: 78%

Dopamine Axon Varicosities in the Prelimbic Division of the Rat Prefrontal Cortex Exhibit Sparse Immunoreactivity for the Dopamine Transporter

Sesack¹,

Hawrylak²,

et al. 1998

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The dopamine transporter (DAT) critically regulates the duration of the cellular actions of dopamine and the extent to which dopamine diffuses in the extracellular space. We sought to determine whether the reportedly greater diffusion of dopamine in the rat prefrontal cortex (PFC) as compared with the striatum is associated with a more restricted axonal distribution of the cortical DAT protein. By light microscopy, avidin-biotin-peroxidase immunostaining for DAT was visualized in fibers that were densely distributed within the dorsolateral striatum and the superficial layers of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. In contrast, DAT-labeled axons were distributed only sparsely to the deep layers of the prelimbic cortex. By electron microscopy, DAT-immunoreactive profiles in the striatum and cingulate cortex included both varicose and intervaricose segments of axons. However, DAT-labeled processes in the prelimbic cortex were almost exclusively intervaricose axon segments. Immunolabeling for tyrosine hydroxylase in adjacent sections of the prelimbic cortex was localized to both varicosities and intervaricose segments of axons. These qualitative observations were supported by a quantitative assessment in which the diameter of immunoreactive profiles was used as a relative measure of whether varicose or intervaricose axon segments were labeled. These results suggest that considerable extracellular diffusion of dopamine in the prelimbic PFC may result, at least in part, from a paucity of DAT content in mesocortical dopamine axons, as well as a distribution of the DAT protein at a distance from synaptic release sites. The results further suggest that different populations of dopamine neurons selectively target the DAT to different subcellular locations.

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“…To selectively visualize SERT, we incubated the sections with 20 p M [ 125 I]-RTI 55, resulting in minimal NET occupancy [4]in the presence of 200 p M of the selective DAT inhibitor 1-[2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine (GBR 12935, Sigma, St. Louis, Mo., USA) [27]. We incubated the sections for 30 min at 25°C in buffer containing 10 m M sodium phosphate at pH 7.4 followed by incubation in the same buffer containing 20 p M [ 125 I]-RTI 55 in the presence of 200 p M of the DAT inhibitor GBR 12935 for 2 h at 25°C [28, 29]. The nonspecific binding was defined by 10 –5 M paroxetine, in consecutive sections incubated as above.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Serotonin Transporter is Required for Stress-Evoked Increases in Adrenal Catecholamine Synthesis and Angiotensin II AT<sub>2</sub> Receptor Expression

Armando¹,

Tjurmina²,

Li³

et al. 2003

Neuroendocrinology

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High numbers of serotonin transporter (SERT) binding sites and high serotonin (5-HT) content are expressed in the adrenal medulla of wild-type (SERT+/+) mice. Acute restraint stress increases adrenomedullary 5-HT, norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) release, adrenomedullary tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA, and angiotensin II AT₂ receptor expression. There are no alterations in adrenal catecholamine content during restraint. In littermate SERT–/– mice, which do not express SERT binding sites, the basal adrenomedullary 5-HT content is significantly reduced and does not increase after stress. The stress-induced increase in plasma E is higher in SERT–/– than in SERT+/+ animals. In SERT–/– mice, the stress-induced increase in expression of TH mRNA does not occur, and as a consequence, adrenal E content decreases, and adrenal E and NE content are lower than that of SERT+/+ mice during restraint. In addition, instead of increased expression, stress induces a profound decrease in the number of adrenomedullary AT₂ receptors in SERT–/– mice. Our results indicate that SERT is necessary for the stress-induced increase in adrenomedullary catecholamine synthesis and AT₂ receptor expression. These data further indicate a close relationship between the adrenomedullary 5-HT and angiotensin II systems, and an important role of adrenomedullary AT₂ receptors in catecholamine synthesis and release during stress.

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Localization and quantification of the dopamine transporter: comparison of [3H]WIN 35,428 and [125I]RTI-55

Cited by 46 publications

References 43 publications

Atomoxetine Increases Extracellular Levels of Norepinephrine and Dopamine in Prefrontal Cortex of Rat A Potential Mechanism for Efficacy in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Atomoxetine Increases Extracellular Levels of Norepinephrine and Dopamine in Prefrontal Cortex of Rat A Potential Mechanism for Efficacy in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Dopamine Axon Varicosities in the Prelimbic Division of the Rat Prefrontal Cortex Exhibit Sparse Immunoreactivity for the Dopamine Transporter

The Serotonin Transporter is Required for Stress-Evoked Increases in Adrenal Catecholamine Synthesis and Angiotensin II AT<sub>2</sub> Receptor Expression

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