Localization and morphometric evaluation of Supraorbital and Infraorbital foramen in Dravidian Population of Southern India: A paleoantropological study on dry skulls.

Morphological and Morphometric Relations of Infraorbital Foramen in North Indian Population

“…The anterior nasal spine is another commonly used bony landmark to locate the infraorbital foramen. Our study reported mean values of 34.36 mm on the right side and 34.2 mm on the left side, similar to the values reported by Swaminathan et al [17] in South Indian population, Zang et al [15] in African American populations, and Lopes et al [18] in the Brazilian population. However, Ukoha et al [16] reported a much lower value (~30 mm) in Nigeria.…”

“…It is widely accepted in cephalometric usage. The shape of infraorbital foramen was oval in most previous studies, and the vertical and transverse diameters were comparable to our findings [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. The length of the infraorbital canal is important, considering that the needle for invasive procedures should not penetrate the orbital floor.…”

“…These findings were comparable to the studies by Polo et al [23] conducted in Honolulu and by Aggarwal et al [10] in North India. However, Swaminathan et al [17] and Nanayakkara et al [19] observed lower values (~27 mm) in the South Indian population.…”

The Cephalometric Relationship between the Facial Height Ratio and the Growth Pattern in a Group of Patients from Timis County, Romania

“…The facial skeleton, which was highlighted by subsequent investigations, was not taken into account. [11] Angle's classification of malocclusion in the 1890s was a significant step in the history of orthodontics since it featured the first concise and understandable explanation of normal occlusion in the natural dentition in addition to subdividing the main categories of malocclusion. According to Angle's theory, the upper first molars are essential for occlusion and the upper and lower molars should be connected so that the top molar's mesiobucal cusp occludes in the lower molar's buccal groove.…”

“…Based on the percentage and severity of dental overbite, the ratio of the upper and lower anterior facial heights, the angle between the mandibular plane and the Frankfort horizontal plane and the visual perception of the change in the lower anterior facial height, the classification of vertical facial heights has been done. However, these selection criteria are arbitrary [11].…”