Localization and domain characterization of the SflA regulator of flagellar formation in <i>Vibrio alginolyticus</i>

Inaba, Shinji; Nishigaki, Takehiko; Takekawa, Norihiro; Kojima, Seiji; Homma, Michio

doi:10.1111/gtc.12501

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Deletion of flhF Bb only alters the position of flagellar motors at the cell pole and the mutant still has polar flagella, suggesting that FlhF Bb is not a determinant of flagellar polarity as reported in C. jejuni , P. aeruginosa and V. cholera, which raises an interesting question – how does B. burgdorferi restrict the PF assembled only at the cell pole? Kitaoka et al found that deletion of sflA , a novel dnaJ family gene, reverts the nonmotile phenotype of a double deletion mutant of flhF and flhG to motile in V. alginolyticus by forming peritrichous flagella, indicating that SflA is a suppressor of peritrichous flagella (Inaba, Nishigaki, Takekawa, Kojima, & Homma, ; Kitaoka et al, ). Interestingly, BLAST search using SflA as a query reveals that the genome of B. burgdorferi encodes three putative DnaJ homologs (BB0517, BB0602 and BB0655); thus, it is likely that B. burgdorferi adopts a similar mechanism as V. alginolyticus to control the flagella polarity by suppressing formation of peritrichous flagella.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FlhF regulates the number and configuration of periplasmic flagella in Borrelia burgdorferi

Zhang

Cantalano

et al. 2020

Molecular Microbiology

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The Lyme disease bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi has 7–11 periplasmic flagella (PF) that arise from the cell poles and extend toward the midcell as a flat‐ribbon, which is distinct from other bacteria. FlhF, a signal recognition particle (SRP)‐like GTPase, has been found to regulate the flagellar number and polarity; however, its role in B. burgdorferi remains unknown. B. burgdorferi has an FlhF homolog (BB0270). Structural and biochemical analyses show that BB0270 has a similar structure and enzymatic activity as its counterparts from other bacteria. Genetics and cryo‐electron tomography studies reveal that deletion of BB0270 leads to mutant cells that have less PF (4 ± 2 PF per cell tip) and fail to form a flat‐ribbon, indicative of a role of BB0270 in the control of PF number and configuration. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that BB0270 localizes at the cell poles and controls the number and position of PF via regulating the flagellar protein stability and the polar localization of the MS‐ring protein FliF. Our study not only provides the detailed characterizations of BB0270 and its profound impacts on flagellar assembly, morphology and motility in B. burgdorferi, but also unveils mechanistic insights into how spirochetes control their unique flagellar patterns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FlhF regulates the number and configuration of periplasmic flagella in Borrelia burgdorferi

Zhang

Cantalano

et al. 2020

Molecular Microbiology

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“…Overexpression of the C-terminal soluble region containing the DnaJ domain (SflA C , Figure 7b) suppressed the lateral flagellation of the ∆flhFG∆sflA strain [70]. SflA fused with fluorescent protein showed a HubP-dependent polar localization in the presence of FlhF and FlhG, but was observed at polar and lateral positions in ∆flhFG cells [70]. These observations suggest that SflA localizes with flagella and that SflA C represses the flagellar initiation in ∆flhFG cells by a currently unknown mechanism [70].…”

Section: Sfla Represses Flagellar Biogenesis In the Absence Of Flhf Amentioning

confidence: 91%

“…SflA fused with fluorescent protein showed a HubP-dependent polar localization in the presence of FlhF and FlhG, but was observed at polar and lateral positions in ∆flhFG cells [70]. These observations suggest that SflA localizes with flagella and that SflA C represses the flagellar initiation in ∆flhFG cells by a currently unknown mechanism [70]. FlhF seems to be dominant over SflA in flagellation at the cell pole and voids the function of SflA.…”

Section: Sfla Represses Flagellar Biogenesis In the Absence Of Flhf Amentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The SflA protein was detected in the wild-type strain, but deletion of sflA from the wild-type strain did not affect polar flagellation and motility [68]. Overexpression of the C-terminal soluble region containing the DnaJ domain (SflA C , Figure 7b) suppressed the lateral flagellation of the ∆flhFG∆sflA strain [70]. SflA fused with fluorescent protein showed a HubP-dependent polar localization in the presence of FlhF and FlhG, but was observed at polar and lateral positions in ∆flhFG cells [70].…”

Section: Sfla Represses Flagellar Biogenesis In the Absence Of Flhf Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation of the Single Polar Flagellar Biogenesis

2020

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Some bacterial species, such as the marine bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus, have a single polar flagellum that allows it to swim in liquid environments. Two regulators, FlhF and FlhG, function antagonistically to generate only one flagellum at the cell pole. FlhF, a signal recognition particle (SRP)-type guanosine triphosphate (GTP)ase, works as a positive regulator for flagellar biogenesis and determines the location of flagellar assembly at the pole, whereas FlhG, a MinD-type ATPase, works as a negative regulator that inhibits flagellar formation. FlhF intrinsically localizes at the cell pole, and guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding to FlhF is critical for its polar localization and flagellation. FlhG also localizes at the cell pole via the polar landmark protein HubP to directly inhibit FlhF function at the cell pole, and this localization depends on ATP binding to FlhG. However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms involved, played by FlhF and FlhG as the major factors, remain largely unknown. This article reviews recent studies that highlight the post-translational regulation mechanism that allows the synthesis of only a single flagellum at the cell pole.

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“…Motility provides a more favorable living condition for microorganisms, and 60% of bacteria contain the flagellar systems responsible for motility. These flagellar systems can be divided into three types: the polar flagellar system (Vibrio cholerae), the lateral flagellar system (Salmonella enterica), and the dual flagellar systems (V. parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Aeromonas spp) [14,15]. In V. parahaemolyticus, the dual flagellar systems play an essential role in complex environments, the sheathed polar flagellar system powered by MotAB and MotXY sodium pumps propels the bacterium in a liquid environment, while the lateral flagellar system motor remains to be identified [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A GntR Family Transcription Factor (VPA1701) for Swarming Motility and Colonization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Meng

Yang

et al. 2019

Pathogens

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Motility is important for virulence, biofilm formation, and the environmental adaptation of many bacteria. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) contains two flagellar systems that are responsible for motility, and are tightly regulated by transcription regulators and sigma factors. In this study, we identified a novel transcription factor, VPA1701, which regulates the swarming motility of V. parahaemolyticus. The VPA1701 deletion mutant (ΔVPA1701) eliminated the swarming motility on the surface of BHI agar plates and reduced colonization in infant rabbits. RNA-seq assays, confirmed by qRT-PCR, indicated that VPA1701 regulated the expression of lateral flagellar cluster genes. Further analyses revealed that VPA1701 directly binds to the promoter region of the flgBCDEFGHIJKL cluster to regulate the expression of lateral flagellar genes. CalR was originally identified as a repressor for the swarming motility of V. parahaemolyticus, and it was inhibited by calcium. In this study, we found that VPA1701 could inhibit the expression of the calR gene to increase the swarming motility of V. parahaemolyticus. Calcium downregulated the expression of calR, indicating that calcium could increase swarming motility of ΔVPA1701 by inhibiting calR. Thus, this study illustrates how the transcription factor VPA1701 regulates the expression of lateral flagellar genes and calR to control the swarming motility of V. parahaemolyticus.

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Localization and domain characterization of the SflA regulator of flagellar formation in Vibrio alginolyticus

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

FlhF regulates the number and configuration of periplasmic flagella in Borrelia burgdorferi

FlhF regulates the number and configuration of periplasmic flagella in Borrelia burgdorferi

Regulation of the Single Polar Flagellar Biogenesis

A GntR Family Transcription Factor (VPA1701) for Swarming Motility and Colonization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

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