Localization and distribution of vasoactive neuropeptides in the human placenta

Graf, A.; Nutter, W.; Hacker, Gerhard W.; Steiner, Hannes; Anderson, Virginia; Staudach, A.; Dietze, Otto

doi:10.1016/s0143-4004(96)90023-5

Cited by 52 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The same pattern in staining intensity was observed regardless of which combinations of CPD and CPE antisera were compared. A variety of hormones and neuroendocrine peptides have been previously found in the placenta by immunohistochemistry and support a role for the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES) in the modulation of placental function (Graf et al 1996). The consistent staining pattern seen in the present work, coupled with the previous finding of low-level CPE expression in human placenta, suggests that CPD rather than CPE is the primary processing carboxypeptidase in these cell types.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…CPE and CPD may also be involved in the processing of the precursor to ET-1, a potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by endothelial cells (Yanagisawa et al 1988), which is implicated in the pathogenesis of pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia (Kamoi et al 1990;Masaki and Yanagisawa 1992;Sudo et al 1993), and pre-term labor (Romero et al 1992;Marinoni et al 1995) and is localized by immunohistochemistry to chorionic villous endothelial cells (Graf et al 1996). ET-1 is unusual in that its final processing requires an endopeptidase, endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), which has the single known function of cleaving a Trp-Val bond in Big ET-1 to release the active peptide ET-1 (Matsumara et al 1990;Takahashi et al 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunohistochemical Localization of Carboxypeptidases E and D in the Human Placenta and Umbilical Cord

Reznik

Salafia

Lage

et al. 1998

J Histochem Cytochem.

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SUMMARY Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) is highly concentrated in neuroendocrine tissues and is the only carboxypeptidase detected in mature secretory vesicles. Carboxypeptidase D (CPD), a carboxypeptidase with CPE-like activity, is widely distributed in tissues and is present in the trans-Golgi network. Previous work had shown that both CPE and CPD are expressed in the human placenta and that CPD is expressed at much higher levels than CPE. The present work provides evidence for the co-localization of CPE and CPD to basal plate extravillous trophoblasts and maternal uteroplacental vascular endothelial cells, chorionic villous endothelial cells, amnionic epithelial cells, and umbilical venous and arterial smooth muscle cells. Whereas the intensity of CPD immunostaining is similar in the placenta and umbilical cord, CPE staining in the placenta is much weaker than in the umbilical cord, suggesting that CPD plays a more important role in the processing of placental peptides. Immunoelectron microscopy of umbilical venous smooth muscle cells shows subcellular localization of both enzymes to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, CPE is present just subjacent to the cell membrane. The difference in cellular and subcellular localization between the two enzymes indicates that they perform distinct functions in the processing of placental peptides and proteins. (J Histochem Cytochem 46:1359-1367, 1998)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Localization of Carboxypeptidases E and D in the Human Placenta and Umbilical Cord

Reznik

Salafia

Lage

et al. 1998

J Histochem Cytochem.

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“…Furthermore, uterine veins contain the highest concentration of placental signals – VEGF among them – involved in the regulation of vascular remodeling, angiogenesis and tone [8, 42]. For these reasons, the final set of experiments was aimed at quantifying the effects of pregnancy on solute flux across the venous wall, and determining whether responsiveness to VEGF was maintained, or altered secondary to gestation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of VEGF-Induced Uterine Venous Hyperpermeability

Celia¹,

Osol²

2005

J Vasc Res

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Background: Transfer of molecular signals from veins to adjacent arteries is an established mechanism of vascular communication in the uterine circulation, which ultimately depends on venous permeability. This study tests the hypotheses that: (1) uterine veins are permeable to intravenous solutes, using a 3-kDa dextran tracer and (2) this permeability is enhanced in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Additionally, the involvement of nitric oxide (NO), calcium, and the phospholipase C-protein kinase C (PLC-PKC) cascade in VEGF-enhanced permeability were investigated, and the impact of pregnancy-induced uterine vascular remodeling on permeability was evaluated. Methods: Studies utilized fluorimetry to quantitate solute flux in isolated segments of rat uterine vein as a function of endothelial surface area and time under basal and VEGF-stimulated conditions. VEGF signaling was probed using NO synthase inhibition (L-NNA), calcium channel blockade (lanthanum chloride) and withdrawal (calcium-free solution), and inhibitors of the PLC-PKC cascade (U-73122 and chelerythrine chloride, respectively). Gestational effects were assessed using vessels from late pregnant (day 20) rats. Results: Basal flux (control) in nonpregnant animals was 26 ± 2.5 molecules/µm²/min × 1,000 and was increased significantly by VEGF in a concentration-dependent manner (1 nM ≈ 3.3-fold, 10 nM ≈ 4.6-fold). Inhibition of PLC, PKC, and calcium signaling, but not NO, attenuated the response to VEGF. Gestation significantly increased flux (78 ± 9.3 molecules/µm²/min × 1,000), and maintained responsiveness to VEGF. Conclusions: These results demonstrate uterine venous permeability to intermediate-sized solutes through a VEGF-sensitive pathway involving calcium and PLC-PKC, but not NO, and further substantiate a role for veno-arterial communication in uterine blood flow regulation during pregnancy.

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“…[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] At the maternal-placental interface, VIP localize in first and third trimester placenta in the syncytium and extravillous cytotrophoblast cells. 38 VIP dose-dependently stimulated hCG production from human primary cultured trophoblast cells as well as choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3. 39,40 Finally, Galectin-1 is a lectin with a central immunoregulatory role in the post-implantation period.…”

Section: Chemokines and Other Chemoattractants At Early Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 97%

Decoding the chemokine network that links leukocytes with decidual cells and the trophoblast during early implantation

Ramhorst

Grasso

Paparini

et al. 2016

Cell Adhesion & Migration

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Chemokine network is central to the innate and adaptive immunity and entails a variety of proteins and membrane receptors that control physiological processes such as wound healing, angiogenesis, embryo growth and development. During early pregnancy, the chemokine network coordinates not only the recruitment of different leukocyte populations to generate the maternalplacental interface, but also constitutes an additional checkpoint for tissue homeostasis maintenance. The normal switch from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory predominant microenvironment characteristic of the post-implantation stage requires redundant immune tolerance circuits triggered by key master regulators. In this review we will focus on the recruitment and conditioning of maternal immune cells to the uterus at the early implantation period with special interest on high plasticity macrophages and dendritic cells and their ability to induce regulatory T cells. We will also point to putative immunomodulatory polypeptides involved in immune homeostasis maintenance at the maternal-placental interface.

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Localization and distribution of vasoactive neuropeptides in the human placenta

Cited by 52 publications

References 52 publications

Immunohistochemical Localization of Carboxypeptidases E and D in the Human Placenta and Umbilical Cord

Immunohistochemical Localization of Carboxypeptidases E and D in the Human Placenta and Umbilical Cord

Mechanism of VEGF-Induced Uterine Venous Hyperpermeability

Decoding the chemokine network that links leukocytes with decidual cells and the trophoblast during early implantation

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