Local wound healing biomarkers for real‐time assessment of periodontal regeneration: pilot study

Abstract

Local expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and bone morphogenetic protein-7 during wound healing is associated with the clinical performance of periodontal regenerative surgery. The use of local biomarkers offers the potential for real-time assessment of the periodontal healing process.

Expression of gingival crevicular fluid markers during early and late healing of intrabony defects after surgical treatment: a systematic review

“…The study samples ranged from 12 [19] to 29 [20] patients. Seven of the included studies were randomised controlled clinical trials [11,[19][20][21][22][23][24] and the remaining 3 were prospective cohort studies [12,25,26].…”

“…The characteristics of the included intrabony defects ranged from PD ≥ 5 mm [12,20,[24][25][26] to PD ≥ 6 mm [11,19,[21][22][23] and accompanying radiographic defect depth ≥ 3 mm [11,12,19,21,24], ≥ 4 mm [20,23] or unspecified [22,25,26]. The defects included were variations of 1-, 2-, 3wall defects [19,24], only 2-or 3-wall defects [11,21] or nonspecified in the majority of the investigations [12,20,22,23,25,26].…”

“…The types of procedures included in the test group were GTR [11,12,21,22,[24][25][26] GTR with EMD [19,23], and minimally invasive surgical technique (MIST) with EMD [20]. Non-resorbable membranes that were removed 6 weeks postoperatively were utilised in 3 studies [12,25,26].…”

“…Five of the included studies utilised Periopaper for the sampling of the GCF [12,19,20,22,23], 3 studies utilised pre-cut chromatography strips (Whatman 3MM) [24][25][26] and 2 studies utilised micropipettes [11,21]. The GCF sampling time presented significant variation across studies, ranging from 30 s [12,20,22] to 1 min [23] and 2 min [24][25][26], while some studies allowed the insertion of the strip or the pipette until 5 μhe pipette until [11,21] with one study not reporting on the sampling time [19]. Regarding the storage of the samples, great variation was also observed: 2 studies stored their GCF samples at − 80°C [19,23], 1 study at − 76°C [21], 4 studies at − 70°C [22,[24][25][26], 1 study at − 26°C [11] and 2 studies at − 20°C [12,20].…”

“…However, irrespective of the regenerative modality employed for the treatment of intrabony defects, little is known regarding the processes and sequences involved in the periodontal regeneration and consequently, in the postoperative expression of angiogenesis, regeneration and inflammation markers in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) that accompany these processes [12]. The expression of such markers postoperatively may define whether the healing process moves towards a regenerative or a reparative direction [12]. Understanding the cellular and biological events in periodontal wound healing can possibly provide useful information in identifying predictable regenerative treatment for the periodontium.…”