Local volcanic activity and ice nuclei concentrations on Hawaii

Price, Saul; Pales, Jack C.

doi:10.1007/bf02248000

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Isono et al (1959) found at Tokyo, Japan, the concentration of IN (at −20 • C) to increase to up to 50 IN l −1 above the 5-20 IN l −1 background in air that had been affected by Japanese volcanoes located 110-1180 km upwind. Conversely, Price and Pales (1963) and Hobbs et al (1971) found no evidence for enhanced IN in volcanic effluents, when they sampled on the slopes of Mauna Loa, Hawaii. Measurements in the vicinity of volcanos from aircraft in the plumes of St. Augustine, Alaska (Schnell and Delany, 1976) and of Mt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In addition to these surface-derived materials, volcanism is debated as a source of atmospheric ice nuclei. However, evidence for volcanic IN from field measurements of IN so far is conflicting (Isono et al, 1959;Price and Pales, 1963;Hobbs et al, 1971;Schnell and Delany, 1976;Radke et al, 1976). Satellite observations in the South Atlantic and North Pacific (Gasso, 2008) show that natural degassing or weakly explosive volcanoes affect low marine stratocumulus for up to 1300 km downwind by decreasing droplet effective radius and increasing visible brightness, and may add cloud cover in otherwise cloudless areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash plume

et al. 2012

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Abstract.We have sampled atmospheric ice nuclei (IN) and aerosol in Germany and in Israel during spring 2010. IN were analyzed by the static vapor diffusion chamber FRIDGE, as well as by electron microscopy. During the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption of April 2010 we have measured the highest ice nucleus number concentrations (>600 l −1 ) in our record of 2 yr of daily IN measurements in central Germany. Even in Israel, located about 5000 km away from Iceland, IN were as high as otherwise only during desert dust storms. The fraction of aerosol activated as ice nuclei at −18 • C and 119 % rh ice and the corresponding area density of ice-active sites per aerosol surface were considerably higher than what we observed during an intense outbreak of Saharan dust over Europe in May 2008.Pure volcanic ash accounts for at least 53-68 % of the 239 individual ice nucleating particles that we collected in aerosol samples from the event and analyzed by electron microscopy. Volcanic ash samples that had been collected close to the eruption site were aerosolized in the laboratory and measured by FRIDGE. Our analysis confirms the relatively poor ice nucleating efficiency (at −18 • C and 119 % ice-saturation) of such "fresh" volcanic ash, as it had recently been found by other workers. We find that both the fraction of the aerosol that is active as ice nuclei as well as the density of ice-active sites on the aerosol surface are three orders of magnitude larger in the samples collected from ambient air during the volcanic peaks than in the aerosolized samples from the ash collected close to the eruption site. From this we conclude that the ice-nucleating properties of volcanic ash may be altered substantially by aging and processing during long-range transport in the atmosphere, and that global volcanism deserves further attention as a potential source of atmospheric ice nuclei.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash plume

et al. 2012

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“…The signal of volcanic ash in our record of atmospheric IN at TO after the air masses had travelled for at least 2200 km is surprisingly pronounced, in particular when seen in the light of the so far inconclusive and conflicting observational evidence that had been available on volcanic ice nuclei. Isono et al (1959) found IN at Tokyo, Japan, (at −20 • C) to increase above the 5-20 IN L −1 background to up to 50 IN L −1 in air that had been affected by Japanese volcanoes located 110-1180 km upwind, whereas others found no evidence for volcanic IN in the effluents of Hawaiian volcanoes (Price and Pales, 1963;Hobbs et al, 1971), of St. Augustine, Alaska (Schnell and Delany, 1976), and of Mt. Baker, Washington (Radke et al, 1976).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many components of atmospheric IN have been identified, such as minerals of desert dust, bacteria, pollen and plant debris (Pruppacher and Klett, 1997;Szyrmer and Zawadsky, 1997) although for many of them the concentrations and relevance to cloud processes are still unclear (Möhler et al, 2007;DeMott et al, 2010). In addition to these surface-derived sources, volcanism is debated as a source of atmospheric ice nuclei, with conflicting evidence from field measurements (Isono et al, 1959;Price and Pales, 1963;Hobbs et al, 1971;Schnell and Delany, 1976;Radke et al, 1976). Recent satellite observations (Gasso, 2008) show that natural degassing or weakly explosive volcanoes in the South Atlantic and North Pacific affect low marine stratocumulus for up to 1300 km downwind by decreasing droplet effective radius and increasing visible brightness, and may add cloud cover in otherwise cloudless areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash plume

Bingemer¹,

Klein²,

Ebert³

et al. 2011

Preprint

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Explosive volcanism affects weather and climate. Primary volcanic ash particles which act as ice nuclei (IN) can modify the phase and properties of cold tropospheric clouds. During the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption we have measured the highest ice nucleus number concentrations (>600 L) in our record of 2 years of daily IN measurements in central Germany. Even in Israel, located about 5000 km away from Iceland, IN were as high as otherwise only during desert dust storms. These measurements are the only ones available on the properties of IN in the Eyjafjallajökull plume. The measured high concentrations and high activation temperature (−8 °C) point to an important impact of volcanic ash on microphysical and radiative properties of clouds through enhanced glaciation

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The Role of Natural and Anthropogenic Pollutants in Cloud and Precipitation Formation

Pruppacher

1973

Chemistry of the Lower Atmosphere

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Local volcanic activity and ice nuclei concentrations on Hawaii

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash plume

Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash plume

Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash plume

The Role of Natural and Anthropogenic Pollutants in Cloud and Precipitation Formation

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