Local sustainability initiatives in English National Parks: What role for adaptive governance?

Clark, Julian; Clarke, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2010.06.012

Cited by 57 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Scholars of organizational learning (Argyris and Schön 1996, Clark and Clarke 2011, Tosey et al 2012) distinguish between single-loop learning, i.e., learning to improve existing practices, and double-loop learning, i.e., learning that challenges existing practices and explores alternatives. Some organizational theorists have portrayed double-loop learning as more progressive than single-loop learning and have even proposed a third, more advanced type of learning called triple-loop learning (e.g., Flood and Romm 1996, Pahl-Wostl 2009, McCarthy et al 2011.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five subcategories were identified based on existing literature and after assessing the papers: (i) improved biological conservation and ecosystem management outcomes (Walters 1997, Roux and; (ii) improved governance (Clark and Clarke 2011); (iii) improved public participation (Stringer et al 2006, Allen and Gunderson 2011, Roux and Foxcroft 2011, Kelly et al 2012. Two additional subcategories: (iv) learning and understanding (Johnson 2011), and (v) adaptation and responsiveness (PahlWostl 2009), although being inherent traits of adaptive management (Holling 1978), were nevertheless included to verify that papers had been correctly selected.…”

Section: The Main Aims Of Adaptive Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This aspect included four subcategories aimed at capturing broader learning processes: learning that leads to improvements in existing practices, i.e., "single-loop learning" (Tosey et al 2012); learning that leads to reflection, that challenges the status quo, and that explores innovative approaches, also called "double-loop learning" (Tosey et al 2012); learning about learning or "deuterolearning" (Argyris and Schön 1996, Clark and Clarke 2011, Tosey et al 2012); and a blend of different learning processes.…”

Section: Type or Category Of Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several authors (e.g., Allen et al 2011, Conroy et al 2011, McCarthy et al 2011, Rehme et al 2011, Scholes and Kruger 2011 have conceptually and theoretically discussed learning in the context of adaptive management, few have analyzed learning in a practical context where adaptive management is being implemented (but see Biggs et al 2011, Clark and Clarke 2011, Marcot et al 2012. After three decades of experience with adaptive management, researchers and practitioners are no clearer about who learns during the process, what they learn about, and the processes that support the kind of learning outcomes observed or recorded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Learning in Adaptive Management: Insights from Published Practice

Fabricius¹,

Cundill²

2014

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Adaptive management is often advocated as a solution to understanding and managing complexity in social-ecological systems. Given the centrality of learning in adaptive management, it remains unclear how learning in adaptive management is understood to occur, who learns, what they learn about, and how they learn. We conducted a systematic review using the Thomson Reuters Web of Science, and searched specifically for examples of the practical implementation of adaptive management between 2011 and 2013, i.e., excluding articles that suggested frameworks, models, or recommendations for future action. This provided a subset of 22 papers that were analyzed using five elements: the aims of adaptive management as stated in each paper; the reported achievements of adaptive management; what was learned; who learned; and how they learned. Our results indicate that, although most published adaptive management initiatives aimed at improvements in biological conservation or ecosystem management, scholars of adaptive management tend to report on learning more about governance and about learning, than about ecosystems or biological conservation. Whereas almost all the papers (91%) listed improvements in biological conservation and ecosystem management as aims, 59% reported these as achievements. Whereas only 27% listed improved governance as an aim, 73% mentioned this as an achievement. Conservation scientists and academics reporting on adaptive management tend to learn among themselves, and very seldom (18%) with external stakeholders. Adaptive ecosystem management is dominated by direct assessment and single-loop learning aimed at improving existing practices (86%), with about 50% engaged in double-loop learning and a similar number in deutero-learning (learning about learning). Some adaptive managers (36%) combined double-and single-loop learning and the majority of these (6/8) reported on conservation achievements. A possible explanation for these findings is that adaptive management is an evolutionary process and in most instances is still in an early pioneering stage, possibly held back by participants' capacity for learning. The constraint of learning capacity may also explain why so few adaptive management initiatives reported on learning with societal stakeholders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Main Aims Of Adaptive Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Type or Category Of Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Learning in Adaptive Management: Insights from Published Practice

Fabricius¹,

Cundill²

2014

E&S

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“…Many potential examples of AG have been described, such as the AG of Amazon deforestation (Boyd 2008), regional drought governance in Australia (Nelson et al 2008), AG of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Site (Olsson et al 2008), collaborative water governance in the California Bay Delta (Kallis et al 2009), AG of climate change effects in the Pacific Islands (Lynch and Brunner 2010), AG in the English National Park protected landscapes (Clark and Clarke 2011), and assessments of AG in Model Forest reserves in Russia and Sweden (Elbakidze et al 2010(Elbakidze et al , 2012, among others. Theoretical work continues concurrently, however, including an increased focus on learning processes (e.g., Armitage et al 2008, Pahl-Wostl 2009 and the role of adaptive capacity in AG (e.g., Pahl-Wostl 2009, Gupta et al 2010).…”

Section: Polycentricity Redundancy and Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A decade of adaptive governance scholarship: synthesis and future directions

Chaffin¹,

Gosnell²,

Cosens³

2014

E&S

558

469

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ABSTRACT. Adaptive governance is an emergent form of environmental governance that is increasingly called upon by scholars and practitioners to coordinate resource management regimes in the face of the complexity and uncertainty associated with rapid environmental change. Although the term "adaptive governance" is not exclusively applied to the governance of social-ecological systems, related research represents a significant outgrowth of literature on resilience, social-ecological systems, and environmental governance. We present a chronology of major scholarship on adaptive governance, synthesizing efforts to define the concept and identifying the array of governance concepts associated with transformation toward adaptive governance. Based on this synthesis, we define adaptive governance as a range of interactions between actors, networks, organizations, and institutions emerging in pursuit of a desired state for social-ecological systems. In addition, we identify and discuss ambiguities in adaptive governance scholarship such as the roles of adaptive management, crisis, and a desired state for governance of social-ecological systems. Finally, we outline a research agenda to examine whether an adaptive governance approach can become institutionalized under current legal frameworks and political contexts. We suggest a further investigation of the relationship between adaptive governance and the principles of good governance; the roles of power and politics in the emergence of adaptive governance; and potential interventions such as legal reform that may catalyze or enhance governance adaptations or transformation toward adaptive governance.

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Water security and the science agenda

Wheater

Gober

2015

Water Resources Research

138

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The freshwater environment is facing unprecedented global pressures. Unsustainable use of surface and groundwater is ubiquitous. Gross pollution is seen in developing economies, nutrient pollution is a global threat to aquatic ecosystems, and flood damage is increasing. Droughts have severe local consequences, but effects on food can be global. These current pressures are set in the context of rapid environmental change and socio-economic development, population growth, and weak and fragmented governance. We ask what should be the role of the water science community in addressing water security challenges. Deeper understanding of aquatic and terrestrial environments and their interactions with the climate system is needed, along with trans-disciplinary analysis of vulnerabilities to environmental and societal change. The human dimension must be fully integrated into water science research and viewed as an endogenous component of water system dynamics. Land and water management are inextricably linked, and thus more cross-sector coordination of research and policy is imperative. To solve real-world problems, the products of science must emerge from an iterative, collaborative, two-way exchange with management and policy communities. Science must produce knowledge that is deemed to be credible, legitimate, and salient by relevant stakeholders, and the social process of linking science to policy is thus vital to efforts to solve water problems. The paper shows how a large-scale catchment-based observatory can be used to practice trans-disciplinary science integration and address the Anthropocene's water problems.

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Local sustainability initiatives in English National Parks: What role for adaptive governance?

Cited by 57 publications

References 29 publications

Learning in Adaptive Management: Insights from Published Practice

Learning in Adaptive Management: Insights from Published Practice

A decade of adaptive governance scholarship: synthesis and future directions

Water security and the science agenda

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