Local strategic control of information in visual word recognition

Kang, Hongsuk; Simpson, Greg B.

doi:10.3758/bf03200466

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The present findings do not, however, address all of the issues raised in the research in Korean word recognition. Kang and Simpson (2001) showed that flexibility in the use of lexical and non-lexical information by Korean readers can be controlled not only by the overall structure of the stimulus list (as shown here), but also by the immediately surrounding context, on a trial by trial basis. It will be for future research to determine whether or not the precise degree of flexibility is continuous across languages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Flexible use of lexical and sublexical information in word recognition

Decker

Simpson

Yates

et al. 2003

Journal Research in Reading

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Within the dual-route framework it is hypothesised that readers exhibit flexibility in their use of lexical and non-lexical information in word naming. In the present study, participants named high-and low-frequency regular one-syllable English words embedded within lists of regular or irregular one-or two-syllable English words. A large number of irregular words should bias the reader toward the lexical route, whereas a list consisting exclusively of regular words should allow more efficient use of sublexical information present in the word. Word frequency effects were obtained when the list was dominated by either regular or irregular two-syllable filler words. Furthermore, there was an interaction between frequency and regularity for the onesyllable words, indicating that the frequency effect was significantly larger when the fillers were one-syllable irregular words relative to one-syllable regular words. These results extend those reported for a shallow orthography, and indicate strategic control over the use of phonological and lexical information in English word recognition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Flexible use of lexical and sublexical information in word recognition

Decker

Simpson

Yates

et al. 2003

Journal Research in Reading

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“…Visual word recognition in shallow orthographies is thought to involve relatively limited engagement of lexical processes, because sub-lexical translation from spelling to sound is so automatic and consistently accurate. For example Korean Hangul characters are thought to be read predominately via sub-lexical processing unless task demands create a strong bias toward lexical processing (Kang & Simpson, 2001, also see Raman, Baluch, & Besner, 2004 for Turkish; Havelka, & Rastle, 2005 for Serbian).…”

Section: “Orthographic Depth” and Print-to-sound Translation In Chinesementioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating language-specific and language-general effects in a statistical learning model of Chinese reading

Yang

McCandliss

Shu

et al. 2009

Journal of Memory and Language

113

137

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Many theoretical models of reading assume that different writing systems require different processing assumptions. For example, it is often claimed that print-to-sound mappings in Chinese are not represented or processed sub-lexically. We present a connectionist model that learns the print to sound mappings of Chinese characters using the same functional architecture and learning rules that have been applied to English. The model predicts an interaction between item frequency and printto-sound consistency analogous to what has been found for English, as well as a language-specific regularity effect particular to Chinese. Behavioral naming experiments using the same test items as the model confirmed these predictions. Corpus properties and the analyses of internal representations that evolved over training revealed that the model was able to capitalize on information in "phonetic components" -sub-lexical structures of variable size that convey probabilistic information about pronunciation. The results suggest that adult reading performance across very different writing systems may be explained as the result of applying the same learning mechanisms to the particular input statistics of writing systems shaped by both culture and the exigencies of communicating spoken language in a visual medium. KeywordsReading; Computer Simulation; Cross Cultural Differences Over the past three decades, computational models have become increasingly sophisticated in accounting for a broad range of phenomena and specifying the mechanisms underlying skilled reading and its acquisition (see reviews in, e.g., Rayner, Foorman, Perfetti, Pesetsky, & Seidenberg, 2001;Plaut, 2005). The vast majority of this work has been done in English, and has thus focused on issues arising from the particularities of its writing system (Share, 2008). This has led to the construction of models that implement relatively writing system specific assumptions, such as the inclusion of distinct processing mechanisms for "sub-lexical" and "lexical" translation from spelling to sound (Coltheart, Curtis, Atkins, & Haller, 1993;Coltheart, Rastle, Perry, Langdon, & Ziegler, 2001). An alternative approach has been to assume that reading skill is acquired by way of domain-general learning mechanisms that operate over distributed representations of basic levels of information, such as orthography, © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Address for Correspondence: Jason D. Zevin, Sackler Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave., Box 140, New York, NY, 10065, Tel: 212-746-3781, E-mail: jdz2001@med.cornell.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and a...

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“…2. Kang and Simpson (2001) reported experiments on naming words in Hangul and Hanza (the alphabetic and logographic Korean scripts, respectively) in which the nature of the upcoming script was cued on every trial. They argued that subjects could "set" themselves to process Hangul using the nonlexical routine despite other stimuli in the experiment appearing in Hanza.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextual control over lexical and sublexical routines when reading English aloud

Reynolds

Besner

2005

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

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Are the processes responsible for reading aloud single well-formed letter strings under contextual control? Despite the widespread contention that the answer to this question is "yes," it has been remarkably difficult to provide a compelling demonstration to that effect. In a speeded naming experiment, skilled readers read aloud exception words (such as PINT) that are atypical in terms of their spelling sound correspondences and nonwords (such as FLAD) that appeared in a predictable sequence. Subjects took longer to name both words and nonwords when the item on the preceding trial was from the other lexical category, relative to when the preceding item was from the same lexical category. This finding is consistent with the relative contributions of lexical and sublexical knowledge being controlled. We note a number of different ways that this control could arise and suggest some directions for future research.

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Local strategic control of information in visual word recognition

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Flexible use of lexical and sublexical information in word recognition

Flexible use of lexical and sublexical information in word recognition

Simulating language-specific and language-general effects in a statistical learning model of Chinese reading

Contextual control over lexical and sublexical routines when reading English aloud

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