Local, state and federal face mask mandates during the COVID-19 pandemic

Guzman-Cottrill, Judith A.; Malani, Anurag N.; Weber, David J.; Babcock, Hilary M.; Haessler, Sarah; Hayden, Mary K; Henderson, David K.; Murthy, Rekha; Rock, Clare; Schooneveld, Trevor Van; Wright, Sharon B.; Forde, Corey; Logan, Latania K.

doi:10.1017/ice.2020.1403

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…During the pandemic, discussion has evolved around facemasks exceptions for people with chronic lung diseases, which could have influenced the frequency of facemask use in people with PCD [ 42 ]. However, only two participants in our study had a personal medical exemption from wearing a facemask, and only one of them never wore a facemask in public.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facemask Usage Among People With Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Participatory Project

Pedersen

Collaud

Mozún

et al. 2021

Int J Public Health

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Objectives: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disease that causes recurrent respiratory infections. People with PCD may be at high risk of severe COVID-19 and protection against SARS-CoV-2 is therefore important. We studied facemask usage and problems reported in relation with their use among people with PCD.Methods: We used data from COVID-PCD, an international observational cohort study. A questionnaire was e-mailed to participants in October 2020 that asked about facemask usage.Results: In total, 282 participants from 27 countries were included (Median age 32 years; 63% female). In total, 252 (89%) wore facemasks everywhere in public, 13 (5%) wore facemasks in most places, and 17 (6%) did not wear facemasks in public. Half of the participants reported that it was uncomfortable to wear facemasks because of runny nose, cough, or difficulty breathing. Participants less often wore facemasks when there was no national requirement.Conclusion: Most people with PCD wore facemasks despite frequent respiratory problems related to their use. Facemask usage was most frequent in countries with a national requirement emphasizing the importance of nationwide policies mandating facemasks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facemask Usage Among People With Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Participatory Project

Pedersen

Collaud

Mozún

et al. 2021

Int J Public Health

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“…Masks are arguably a low-cost, high-impact strategy to mitigate transmission of SARS-Cov-2 among children both within and outside of school settings. Mask use is mandated in indoor settings including schools, in many jurisdictions across the US ( Guzman-Cottrill et al, 2021 ) and Canada ( Government of Canada, 2021 ), yet children spend a good proportion of their time engaged in activities where health policies cannot easily be enforced, e.g., during sports and leisure activities, recess, play dates, on route to and from school. In such instances, where there is less systematic oversight, wearing masks might be the only reliable strategy to prevent COVID-19 transmission when physical distancing is not possible.…”

Section: Introduction Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parent-for-child mask behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada and the United States: An investigation of attitudes, norms, and perceived control using the theory of planned behavior

Coroiu

Moran

Lindsay

et al. 2021

Preventive Medicine Reports

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Face masks continue to be a necessity until a large proportion of the population, including children, receive immunizations for COVID-19. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parental attitudes and beliefs about masks and parent-for-child mask behavior using the Theory of Planned Behavior. We administered a survey in August 2020 to parents of school-aged children residing in the United States and Canada. Measures included sociodemographic variables for the parent and child, attitudes, norms, perceived control over children’s mask use, intentions and enforcement of mask wearing among children (also titled “parent-for-child mask behavior”). Data were analyzed using structural equation modelling. We collected data from 866 parents and 43.5% had children with pre-existing conditions (e.g., allergies, anxiety, impulsivity, skin sensitivity, asthma) that made extended mask wearing difficult, as per parent’s report. Among the full sample, negative attitudes (β=-.20, p = .006), norms (β = .41, p = .002), and perceived control (β = .33, p = .006) predicted intentions. Norms (β = .50, p = .004) and intentions (β = .28, p = .003) also predicted parent-for-child mask use, while attitudes and perceived control did not. Intentions mediated the associations between attitudes, norms, perceived control, respectively, and mask behavior. Subgroup analyses revealed intentions as the key predictor of parent-for-child mask use among children with pre-conditions and norms as the key predictor among children without pre-conditions (i.e. healthy). Future public health messaging should target parental intentions, attitudes, norms, and perceived control about children’s masks wearing.

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“…Interpreting studies on the effect of mask and other policies requires appropriate consideration of timing. There is also variability in the requirements of mask policies, including differences in exemptions for certain age groups, places of worship, and other specific settings [59] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mask use in community settings in the context of COVID-19: A systematic review of ecological data

Ford¹,

Holmer²,

Chou³

et al. 2021

eClinicalMedicine

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Background: The wearing of medical and non-medical masks by the general public in community settings is one intervention that is important for the reduction of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and has been the subject of considerable research, policy, advocacy and debate. Several observational studies have used ecological (population-level) data to assess the effect of masks on transmission, hospitalization, and mortality at the region or community level. Methods: We undertook this systematic review to summarize the study designs, outcomes, and key quality indicators of using ecological data to evaluate the association between mask wearing and COVID-19 outcomes. We searched the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 global literature database up to 5 March 2021 for studies reporting the impact of mask use in community settings on outcomes related to SARS-CoV-2 transmission using ecological data. Findings: Twenty one articles were identified that analysed ecological data to assess the protective effect of policies mandating community mask wearing. All studies reported SARS-CoV-2 benefits in terms of reductions in either the incidence, hospitalization, or mortality, or a combination of these outcomes. Few studies assessed compliance to mask wearing policies or controlled for the possible influence of other preventive measures such as hand hygiene and physical distancing, and information about compliance to these policies was lacking. Interpretation: Ecological studies have been cited as evidence to advocate for the adoption of universal masking policies. The studies summarized by this review suggest that community mask policies may reduce the population-level burden of SARS-CoV-2. Methodological limitations, in particular controlling for the actual practice of mask wearing and other preventive policies make it difficult to determine causality. There are several important limitations to consider for improving the validity of ecological data.

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Local, state and federal face mask mandates during the COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Facemask Usage Among People With Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Participatory Project

Facemask Usage Among People With Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Participatory Project

Parent-for-child mask behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada and the United States: An investigation of attitudes, norms, and perceived control using the theory of planned behavior

Mask use in community settings in the context of COVID-19: A systematic review of ecological data

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