Local Slow Waves in Superficial Layers of Primary Cortical Areas during REM Sleep

Funk, Chadd M.; Honjoh, Sakiko; Rodriguez, Alexander V.; Cirelli, Chiara; Tononi, Giulio

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.062

Cited by 153 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Thus, it might be possible that targeted memory reactivation during REM sleep recruited (or induced) some NREM sleep like features, which resulted in a weak improvement of emotional memories by cueing. Interestingly, Funk and colleagues80 did not detect sleep spindles during REM sleep. This is consistent with our finding that activity in the spindle range is involved in memory processing only during NREM but not REM sleep.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Emotional arousal modulates oscillatory correlates of targeted memory reactivation during NREM, but not REM sleep

Lehmann

Schreiner

Seifritz

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

105

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Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is considered to preferentially reprocess emotionally arousing memories. We tested this hypothesis by cueing emotional vs. neutral memories during REM and NREM sleep and wakefulness by presenting associated verbal memory cues after learning. Here we show that cueing during NREM sleep significantly improved memory for emotional pictures, while no cueing benefit was observed during REM sleep. On the oscillatory level, successful memory cueing during NREM sleep resulted in significant increases in theta and spindle oscillations with stronger responses for emotional than neutral memories. In contrast during REM sleep, solely cueing of neutral (but not emotional) memories was associated with increases in theta activity. Our results do not support a preferential role of REM sleep for emotional memories, but rather suggest that emotional arousal modulates memory replay and consolidation processes and their oscillatory correlates during NREM sleep.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…For example, a recent study in mice demonstrated that slow waves, the hallmark of NREM sleep, occur regularly also during REM sleep but only in deeper layers of primary cortical areas80, which go undetected in recordings from the scalp. A similar finding has been reported from studies in rats (Vyazovskiy, personal communication).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional arousal modulates oscillatory correlates of targeted memory reactivation during NREM, but not REM sleep

Lehmann

Schreiner

Seifritz

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Slow oscillations have been shown to exist not only in NREM sleep, but also in in REM sleep 30 . For high-frequency power comparisons, a slightly lower frequency range (20–50 Hz) was chosen for NREM sleep compared to REM sleep (25–50 Hz), given that NREM sleep is typically characterized by slower frequencies 64 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neural correlates of dreaming

et al. 2017

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Consciousness never fades during wake. However, if awakened from sleep, sometimes we report dreams and sometimes no experiences. Traditionally, dreaming has been identified with REM sleep, characterized by a wake-like, globally ‘activated’, high-frequency EEG. However, dreaming also occurs in NREM sleep, characterized by prominent low-frequency activity. This challenges our understanding of the neural correlates of conscious experiences in sleep. Using high-density EEG, we contrasted the presence and absence of dreaming within NREM and REM sleep. In both NREM and REM sleep, reports of dream experience were associated with a local decrease in low-frequency activity in posterior cortical regions. High-frequency activity within these regions correlated with specific dream contents. Monitoring this posterior ‘hot zone’ predicted whether an individual reported dreaming or the absence of experiences during NREM sleep in real time, suggesting that it may constitute a core correlate of conscious experiences in sleep.

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“…Paradoxically, even if brain activity in REM sleep resembles wakefulness and consciousness is regained (Hobson and Pace-Schott, 2002), sleepers remain largely unresponsive (Ermis et al, 2010). It has been proposed that dreams themselves would compete and block the processing of external inputs (Nir and Tononi, 2010), but direct evidence is still missing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Markers of Responsiveness to the Environment in Human Sleep

et al. 2016

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Sleep is characterized by a loss of behavioral responsiveness. However, recent research has shown that the sleeping brain is not completely disconnected from its environment. How neural activity constrains the ability to process sensory information while asleep is yet unclear. Here, we instructed human volunteers to classify words with lateralized hand responses while falling asleep. Using an electroencephalographic (EEG) marker of motor preparation, we show how responsiveness is modulated across sleep. These modulations are tracked using classic event-related potential analyses complemented by Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZc), a measure shown to track arousal in sleep and anesthesia. Neural activity related to the semantic content of stimuli was conserved in light non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. However, these processes were suppressed in deep NREM sleep and, importantly, also in REM sleep, despite the recovery of wake-like neural activity in the latter. In NREM sleep, sensory activations were counterbalanced by evoked down states, which, when present, blocked further processing of external information. In addition, responsiveness markers correlated positively with baseline complexity, which could be related to modulation in sleep depth. In REM sleep, however, this relationship was reversed. We therefore propose that, in REM sleep, endogenously generated processes compete with the processing of external input. Sleep can thus be seen as a self-regulated process in which external information can be processed in lighter stages but suppressed in deeper stages. Last, our results suggest drastically different gating mechanisms in NREM and REM sleep.

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Local Slow Waves in Superficial Layers of Primary Cortical Areas during REM Sleep

Cited by 153 publications

References 43 publications

Emotional arousal modulates oscillatory correlates of targeted memory reactivation during NREM, but not REM sleep

Emotional arousal modulates oscillatory correlates of targeted memory reactivation during NREM, but not REM sleep

The neural correlates of dreaming

Neural Markers of Responsiveness to the Environment in Human Sleep

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