Local oxidation of the buried epoxy-amine/iron oxide interphase

Morsch, Suzanne; Emad, Seyedgholamreza; Lyon, S.B.; Gibbon, Simon

doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2021.106516

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The oscillations in the density of the epoxy near the solid interface are characteristic of the formation of an interphase, that is, a region of the polymer with different properties from the bulk. [22,31,32] It has previously been suggested that this interphase is responsible for increased residual stresses causing adhesion failure, [33] different compressibility to the bulk changing the mechanical properties, [34] and a deviation of the local glass transition temperature from the bulk. [34,35] The range and Chemistry-A European Journal physical properties of this interphase region are still not well understood and remain an open question, particularly due to the difficulty in experimental measurements of this region.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morsch et al. [9] have found that the oxidation at the buried interface is consistent with diffusion limited oxidation that is controlled by oxygen transport along the polymer‐metal interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…[8] The adhesion mechanism at a molecular-level is still not well understood and can provide important insights into the formulation of better coatings and adhesives. Recently spectroscopic methods have been employed to look at the buried interface including photothermal infrared (PTIR), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and atomic force microscopy with infrared (AFM-IR) [9][10][11] and have found that corrosion can initiate at the buried interface. Morsch et al [9] have found that the oxidation at the buried interface is consistent with diffusion limited oxidation that is controlled by oxygen transport along the polymer-metal interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water‐Mediated Epoxy/Surface Adhesion: Understanding the Interphase Region

Wand

Gibbon

Visser

et al. 2022

Chemistry A European J

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Epoxy resins coatings are commonly found in corrosion protection coatings but the presence of water can affect their adhesion to the substrate, often weakening the adhesion of the coating to the solid, reducing its efficiency. Nevertheless, small amounts of water can enhance the epoxy/ substrate interactions. In this work, the interphase region of an epoxy precursor and metal oxide substrates is investigated using molecular simulations and it is found that water accumulates between the epoxy layer and the solid substrate.At high water concentrations (9 wt %) the interaction between the epoxy precursor and the solid surface is weakened regardless of the nature of the solid, but at low water concentrations the nature of the solid surface becomes important. For hematite, the presence of water decreases the strength of adhesion but for goethite the presence of a small amount of water (3 wt %) enhances the adhesion to the surface resulting in a densification at the interface.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water‐Mediated Epoxy/Surface Adhesion: Understanding the Interphase Region

Wand

Gibbon

Visser

et al. 2022

Chemistry A European J

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“…In‐situ FTIR analysis did, however, demonstrate that rapid oxidation is activated at 200°C, and not at 150°C. Whilst the data indicates that the extent of oxidation for resins cured for 5 min at 200°C is minimal, the oxidation of highly cross‐linked resins is known to proceed via diffusion limited mechanisms, initiating at the polymer‐air interface and progressing into the bulk of the material 36,39,45,46,51,52 . Since oxidation of the resin is clearly rapid at 200°C, some degree of surface oxidation is expected to be present before it is detectable by infrared analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal topology and water transport in tetrafunctional epoxy resins

Morsch

Lyon

Gibbon

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Water sorption into epoxy resins limits the performance lifetime of many composites, adhesives, and coatings. One hypothesis for the well‐known hygroscopicity of epoxies is that the well‐known internal nodular topology of epoxy networks enhances permeability. This theory has however remained untested to date, since previous attempts to manipulate the internal topology have been accompanied by changes in the hydrogen bonding capability of resins, which dominates water uptake. Here, the nanostructure of highly cross‐linked network polymers based on tetra glycidyl diaminodiphenyl methane is varied in the absence of significant polarity effects by careful optimization of the cure schedule. The internal morphology of resins cured at 100, 150, and 200°C are characterized using Peakforce tapping mode atomic force microscopy, whilst the cure progression at each temperature is analyzed using in‐situ transmission mode infrared spectroscopy. Distinct nodular morphologies are found to form at high cure temperatures (150 and 200°C), where spectroscopic analysis demonstrates that excess epoxy consumption occurs prior to the gel point, as a result of intra‐cluster cross‐linking and reduced reaction selectivity. Surprisingly, the establishment of an internal nanostructure is, however, found to have negligible effect on the extent and kinetics of moisture sorption.

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“…In recent years, red iron oxides (RIOs) have attracted much attention for application as pigments in the formulation of coatings, due to their bright color, low cost, abundance, non-toxic, and very interesting properties such as high resistance against corrosion, and preventing photodegradation. Therefore, iron oxide can be widely applied in many fields such as automotive, architectural, and anti-corrosive coatings [4,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. For instance, Singh et al reported that the addition of Fe 2 O 3 to low-density polyethylene composite coatings could enhance the adhesion and corrosion resistance, and the corrosion resistance of coatings containing 30% RIO was superior to those containing 20% and 40% RIO [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of modified iron oxide hydrophobic corrosion-resistant pigment for aluminum alloy coating

Wang,

Luo,

Yang

et al. 2024

Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop.

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A hydrophobic coating containing modified iron oxides was prepared for corrosion protection of aluminum alloy. The modified iron oxide particles were synthesized using the annealing method and the evaluation of the corrosion-resistant benefits of modified iron oxides as additive in the epoxy resin coating was conducted. The raw FeOOH phase can be transformed into the α-Fe2O3 phase by increasing the annealing temperature. The morphology, colors, and pore size of the modified iron oxide are controllably evolved via finely adjusting the annealing temperature, which is beneficial for the compatibility, dispersion, and stability with epoxy resin. Besides, modified α-Fe2O3 annealed at 700 °C exhibited elliptical morphology and good solubility in epoxy resin solvents to form a hydrophobic corrosion inhibition layer (TP700), which further improves the corrosion resistance. Findings of corrosion electrochemical measurements and salt spray test confirmed the existence of TP700 composite coating resulted in the best corrosion protective properties on aluminum alloy during the corrosion process with the minimum corrosion current of 7.75 × 10−10 A cm−2 and the maximum |Z|0.01Hz value of 1.80 × 108 Ω cm2, which both are about two orders of magnitude higher than the commercial Fe2O3. Our results suggest a new venue for preparing modified iron oxide pigment on the surface of aluminum alloy materials for enhanced anti-corrosion applications.

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Local oxidation of the buried epoxy-amine/iron oxide interphase

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

Water‐Mediated Epoxy/Surface Adhesion: Understanding the Interphase Region

Water‐Mediated Epoxy/Surface Adhesion: Understanding the Interphase Region

Internal topology and water transport in tetrafunctional epoxy resins

Synthesis and characterization of modified iron oxide hydrophobic corrosion-resistant pigment for aluminum alloy coating

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