Local milieu and innovations: Some empirical results

Shefer, Daniel; Frenkel, Amnon

doi:10.1007/s001680050069

Cited by 111 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Networks may also allow firms to take advantage of potential agglomeration and informational advantages in both high-tech (e.g. Saxenian, 1996;Shefer and Frenkel, 1998) and more traditional sectors (e.g. Perry, 1999, pp 89-100).…”

Section: Collaboration and Co-operation In The Innovation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

The organisation of innovation: collaboration, cooperation and multifunctional groups in UK and German manufacturing

Love¹,

Roper²

2004

Cambridge Journal of Economics

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Abstract:Marked differences exist between the institutional and social context for innovation in the UK and Germany. The question addressed here is how these different contexts impact on the objectives and organisation of innovation in UK and German manufacturing. In particular, we examine the extent to which UK and German plants engage in inter-plant collaboration and co-operation and multifunctional working as part of their innovative activity, and explore the reasons for differences in these patterns of involvement. The investigation is based on a large-scale, comparative survey of manufacturing plants in the two countries In Germany, institutional and social norms are found to encourage collaborative interplant innovation but aspects of the German skills training and industrial relations systems make the adoption of more flexible internal systems more difficult. In the UK on the other hand, the more adversarial nature of inter-firm relations makes it more difficult to establish external collaborations based on mutual trust, but less restrictive labour market structures make it easier for UK plants to adopt multifunctional working. This is linked to differences in attitudes to the property rights and transaction cost problems inherent in innovation.

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Section: Collaboration and Co-operation In The Innovation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

The organisation of innovation: collaboration, cooperation and multifunctional groups in UK and German manufacturing

Love¹,

Roper²

2004

Cambridge Journal of Economics

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“…These economies are partly related to the two knowledge factors discussed above. In addition, agglomeration economies are considered as costreducing factors that diminish uncertainty and increase production efficiencies (Camagni, 1991;Shefer and Frenkel, 1998;Stough et al, 2000). One of the advantages of a location within a large metropolitan area is that there will be a diversified sectoral structure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geography of R&D: Tobit Analysis and a Bayesian Approach to Mapping R&D Activities in the Netherlands

Ouwersloot

Rietveld²

2000

Environ Plan A

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IntroductionOne of the key factors in economic development is technological innovation: the introduction of new or improved production techniques, products, and services. This is usually preceded by an intensive process of research and development (R&D). In this paper we address the spatial aspects of R&D activity.One might argue that the spatial aspects of R&D are not so important because R&D is only an input to the innovation process. The location where R&D takes place is not necessarily the place where the new products will be produced or where the new production techniques will be applied. In large firms, one may indeed observe clear distinctions between those locations where R&D and those where actual production takes place (see, for example, Chapman and Walker, 1992). And, in many cases, firms do not carry out the R&D themselves but simply buy improved products which have been developed by other firms. In this case`innovation' just means the adoption of new production techniques, or new products developed and produced at places that may be located anywhere in the world. Thus, the economic benefits of R&D have spatial distribution patterns that are not necessarily connected to the spatial distribution of R&D itself. Yet, the spatial aspects of R&D are important for at least two reasons. First, R&D is important as an economic activity per se. The long-run trend towards a knowledge economy (Malecki, 1991;Suarez-Villa, 1996) means that a substantial part of value added is created in this type of activity. In addition, although in large firms there is often a separation between R&D and production activities, such a separation is not always absolute. In smaller firms R&D and production take place at the same location. Successful R&D may then have a large impact on the development of the area involved.R&D-oriented firms offer well-paid jobs, are generally considered to produce little environmental nuisance, and are expected to have positive growth perspectives. Therefore it is no surprise that many regional and local governments are interested in attracting R&D-oriented firms to their area (see Camagni, 1991;Howells, 1984;Miller

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“…The regional innovative atmosphere enhances the manufacturers' innovation capacity (Kleinknecht and Poot, 1992;Shefer and Frenkel, 1998). The R&D input and public R&D activities for the regional innovation output have a positive effect (Griliches, 1986;Jaffe, 1986), and the amount of spending will positively affect the manufacturers' R&D and the efficiency standard of other innovative activities (Luis et al, 2006).…”

Section: The Innovation Input and The Production Efficiency Of Urban mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…fewer than 500 employees) have flexible operations that enable them to quickly absorb new knowledge and promote innovation (Acs et al, 2002;Robertson and Langlois, 1995). Alternate views hold that larger companies have greater resources available for research and development, and organizational adjustments to encourage flexibility can be made, so innovation performance is not necessarily worse than that seen in smaller manufacturers (Britton, 2003;Shefer and Frenkel, 1998). With regard to employees, Gu and Tang (2004) point out that a manufacturers' innovation effectiveness is highly correlated with the number of high-quality employees on staff, as high-quality employees will generally show initiative in implementing R&D results, thereby increasing the assimilation of new knowledge into manufacturing processes.…”

Section: The Innovation Input and The Production Efficiency Of Urban mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These environments integrate industry clusters, manufacturers' R&D, manufacturers' cooperative networks, manufacturers' innovation level, and other factors (Shefer and Frenkel, 1998). The R&D activities also can be considered as central to innovation activities (Evangelista et al, 1997), and the input of R&D funds means there will be an output of innovation (Hagedoorn and Colldt;2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Interaction Analysis among Industrial Parks, Innovation Input, and Urban Production Efficiency

Ben¹,

wang²

2011

ASS

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The high-tech development zones engendered by industrial parks reflect policies that rely on city settings to create industrialization through urbanization in China. To understand the effectiveness of such policies, this article regards the city and park as the spatial unit of economic output. The production efficiency of the city and industrial park and their mutual impact are explored through the input of various production elements operating in a specific space. In addition, as innovation is an important factor affecting efficiency, this investigation explores the overall impact of innovation input on the production efficiency of the city and park. The results show that production efficiency realized for large cities has not been as high as was generally expected and that small cities showed modest efficiency gains. Critically, the calculation of production efficiency in this study simultaneously accounts for both input and output, revealing the decreasing returns-to-scale and, in some cases, the production inefficiencies that can be caused by the excessively large scale of the city and park. The high-tech industrial development zone will not greatly affect the production efficiency of the city. However, the precise degree of the park's impact on the production efficiency of the city cannot be verified. This indicates the presence of other factors that will affect the production efficiency of the city; and innovation input does enhance production efficiency. This investigation uses input for testing. When production yields increasing returns-to-scale, it indicates insufficient input of production elements, and policies encouraging investment of production elements should be strengthened. Production showing decreasing returns-to-scale is connected to excessive input of production elements, and policies governing the input of production elements should be carefully assessed.

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Local milieu and innovations: Some empirical results

Cited by 111 publications

References 40 publications

The organisation of innovation: collaboration, cooperation and multifunctional groups in UK and German manufacturing

The organisation of innovation: collaboration, cooperation and multifunctional groups in UK and German manufacturing

The Geography of R&D: Tobit Analysis and a Bayesian Approach to Mapping R&D Activities in the Netherlands

Interaction Analysis among Industrial Parks, Innovation Input, and Urban Production Efficiency

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