Local mate competition in the solitary parasitoid wasp Ooencyrtus kuvanae

Somjee, Ummat; Ablard, Kelly; Crespi, Bernard J.; Schaefer, Paul W.; Gries, Gerhard

doi:10.1007/s00265-010-1114-x

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The latter was similar to the field parasitism rate of L. dispar , which is usually not more than 3% (Yao & Yan, ; Feng et al., ; Hoch et al., ), with the exception of Parovske Haje, Slovakia, in 1995, where 10% of L. dispar eggs were parasitized by A. disparis (Hoch et al., ). We speculate that, as L. dispar egg masses contain hundreds of individual eggs that are covered with fur, A. disparis females cannot access every single egg, as has also been shown for O. kuvanae (Somjee et al., ). However, more L. dispar eggs in their egg masses could be reached by larger than by smaller A. disparis ; larger females usually have longer ovipositors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Fitness‐related offspring sex allocation of Anastatus disparis, a gypsy moth egg parasitoid, on different‐sized host species

Liu

Jin

Zhao

et al. 2017

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Anastatus disparis (Ruschka) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) is an egg parasitoid and considered a potential biological control agent of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Only male offspring of A. disparis emerge from single eggs of L. dispar in the laboratory, and A. disparis exhibits low parasitism on L. dispar in the field. We therefore selected several lepidopteran species with various body sizes to evaluate the optimal egg size for hosting A. disparis. In addition, we explored whether the nutritional content of a single L. dispar egg influences the sex of A. disparis offspring and why female offspring can be reared from L. dispar eggs in the field. The results indicated that host egg size decisively influenced the body size and sex ratio of the parasitoid offspring. Therefore, larger hosts, especially the largest eggs of Antheraea pernyi Gu erin-M eneville (Saturniidae), might increase the fitness of A. disparis females. Lymantria dispar eggs concealed in the larger egg shell of A. pernyi produced female A. disparis, suggesting that adult A. disparis should prefer hosts with larger bodies and that the nutritional content of L. dispar eggs did not play a decisive role in the sex allocation of A. disparis. The results also indicated that the egg mass and the fur cover of L. dispar egg masses might be the key factors inducing female A. disparis to lay female offspring in L. dispar eggs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Fitness‐related offspring sex allocation of Anastatus disparis, a gypsy moth egg parasitoid, on different‐sized host species

Liu

Jin

Zhao

et al. 2017

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…However, we suggest that changes in clutch size as a mechanism for sex ratio adjustment under LMC of the pollinator would work when far more foundresses enter into the fig cavity, because then oviposition sites would be limited. Alternatively, foundresses may adjust their offspring sex ratio in regard to other foundresses or in regard to oviposition in a patch left by other foundresses independently of order and clutch size (Hamilton, 1967(Hamilton, , 1979Herre, 1985Herre, , 1987Werren, 1987;Kinoshita et al, 2002;Abe et al, 2009;Somjee et al, 2011). Given another foundress in a short interval (0.5 h), Kinoshita et al (2002) found contacting another foundress would cause a less female-biased sex ratio, which indicates pollinating fig wasps could adjust the offspring sex ratio in re-gard to other foundresses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another explanation of sex ratio adjustment under LMC is foundress density affecting probability of ovipositing a son and that probability being independent of order. Foundresses may adjust their offspring sex ratios by the information of other foundresses or of oviposition in a patch left by other foundresses (Hamilton, 1967, 1979; Herre, 1985, 1987; Kinoshita et al , 2002; Moore et al , 2002; Pereira & Prado, 2006; Herre et al , 2008; Abe et al , 2009; Somjee et al , 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollinating fig wasp Ceratosolen solmsi adjusts the offspring sex ratio to other foundresses

Chen

Jiang

et al. 2012

Insect Science

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Local mate competition theory predicts that offspring sex ratio in pollinating fig wasps is female-biased when there is only one foundress, and increased foundress density results in increased offspring sex ratio. Information of other foundresses and clutch size have been suggested to be the main proximate explanations for sex ratio adjustment under local mate competition. Our focus was to show the mechanism of sex ratio adjustment in a pollinating fig wasp, Ceratosolen solmsi Mayr, an obligate pollinator of the functionally dioecious fig, Ficus hispida Linn., with controlled experiments in the field. First, we obtained offspring from one pollinator and offspring at different oviposition sequences, and found that offspring sex ratio decreased with clutch size, and pollinators produced most of their male offspring at the start of bouts, followed by mostly females. Second, we found that offspring sex ratio increased with foundress density, and pollinators did adjust their offspring sex ratio to other females in the oviposition patches. We suggest that when oviposition sites are not limited, pollinators will mainly adjust their offspring sex ratio to other foundresses independent of clutch size changes, whereas adjusting clutch size may be used to adjust sex ratio when oviposition sites are limited.

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“…In fact, many studies have demonstrated that many species of parasitoid wasps can control offspring sex ratio in response to environmental variables. It has been reported that the sex ratio of parasitoid was affected by the superparasitism (Kanungo, 1955;Salt, 1936;Walker, 1967;Abram et al, 2012;Montoya et al, 2010), the host size (Ueno, 1998), the photoperiod (Bouletreau, 1976;Hoelscher and Vinson, 1971), the relative humidity (Legner, 1977), the number of wasp foundresses (Somjee et al, 2011) and the body size of male and female wasps (Kant et al, 2012) and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of some environmental and biological factors on reproductive characters of Trichogramma spp.

HaiTao¹,

Cong²,

Zhang³

et al. 2013

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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Many studies have demonstrated that many species of parasitoid wasps can control offspring sex ratio in response to environmental variables. This article tests the effects of temperature, relative humidity, photoperiod, foundress number, foundress age, host number, interval time of host supplying, species of food, species of host and symbiotic bacterium (Wolbachia) on sex ratio of Trichogramma ostriniae. Results showed that the sex ratio of T. ostriniae was affected significantly by temperature (35°C), number of foundress (>2 number), age of foundress (3-day-old) and Wolbachia. Through transmitted Wolbachia from Trichogramma embryophagum to Trichogramma dendrolimi, even the reproductive mode of T. dendrolimi was changed from gamogenesis to thelytoky. Our work verifies the sex ratio theory and implies that the potential effectiveness of Trichogramma spp. as a biological control agent can be further improved.

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Local mate competition in the solitary parasitoid wasp Ooencyrtus kuvanae

Cited by 17 publications

References 38 publications

Fitness‐related offspring sex allocation of Anastatus disparis, a gypsy moth egg parasitoid, on different‐sized host species

Fitness‐related offspring sex allocation of Anastatus disparis, a gypsy moth egg parasitoid, on different‐sized host species

Pollinating fig wasp Ceratosolen solmsi adjusts the offspring sex ratio to other foundresses

Effect of some environmental and biological factors on reproductive characters of Trichogramma spp.

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