Local low-temperature exposure: destruction, preservation, therapy

Abstract

Local low-temperature impact on biological tissues, depending on the temperature reached, can lead to destructive, preserving or therapeutic effects. The article describes the principle of a unified approach for the transition from mass recommendations for the dosing of local low-temperature exposure to personalized. It is proposed to divide the exposure process into three stages: planning, provision and control, analysis of compliance with the planned and received dose. Examples of solving the problems of heat transfer in cryosurgery and cryopreservation are given for a possible improvement of the planning stage. In the framework of the first direction, two cases are considered. The first is to improve the accuracy of prostate cryoablation planning. The second is a comparison of the effectiveness of various materials of cryosurgical applicators: copper, brass and artificial sapphire, which can be used to influence and control the freezing zone by optical methods. Within the framework of the second direction, a case of using local low-temperature exposure to solve the problem of simultaneously preserving the framework of a biological tissue and removing a layer of donor cells, called decellularization, is shown for the purposes of transplantology. The results of the above examples can potentially be used in planning a local low-temperature impact. Based on this approach, it is possible to develop methods and technologies of a new generation with the possibility of accurate dosing.