Local-Lag and Timewarp: Providing Consistency for Replicated Continuous Applications

Mauve, Martin; Vogel, Jürgen; Hilt, Volker; Effelsberg, Wolfgang

doi:10.1109/tmm.2003.819751

Cited by 205 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…• Delayed input techniques such as bucket synchronization [4] and local lag [25] defer local actions to allow simultaneous execution by all clients. Programming local lag requires mechanisms for delaying inputs and for estimating message delivery time between the different nodes.…”

Section: Using Timelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various algorithms have been developed that manipulate time to help synchronize players' actions. Notable among these is local lag [25]. The key idea behind local lag is to delay the execution of local commands long enough that the commands have time to propagate to all remote sites and can then be executed simultaneously at all locations.…”

Section: Example: Delayed Input Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Timelines: simplifying the programming of lag compensation for the next generation of networked games

Savery

Graham

2012

Multimedia Systems

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Lag compensation algorithms used in networked games require programmers to manage the complexities of dealing with both time and shared state. This can make implementing lag compensation techniques challenging. The difficulties in expressing these algorithms limit experimentation with different algorithms and inhibit programmers from exploring the space of the algorithms and testing their effects. The solution is to have a programming model that is better able to deal with time. In this paper, we present such a programming model, timelines. Timelines dramatically reduce the time and effort required to implement lag compensation techniques by allowing for the explicit treatment of time. The timelines model has been implemented as part of the Janus toolkit.

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Section: Using Timelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Example: Delayed Input Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timelines: simplifying the programming of lag compensation for the next generation of networked games

Savery

Graham

2012

Multimedia Systems

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“…Time Warp [10] is an optimistic synchronization algorithm that allows remote participants to execute their events without the guarantee of a causally consistent execution. Time Warp takes a snapshot of the state at the reception of a command and issues a rollback to an earlier state if a command older than the last executed command is received.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from repairing inconsistencies, an approach called dead-reckoning [1] can be used to predict the future positions of objects in the game world for increasing the interactivity of the virtual environment and hiding the network latency. Additionally, the local lag [10] allows to delay the display of local command(s) so that update messages from remote players can arrive, thereby avoiding a causal disorder of messages. We have already proposed in [9] the idea of dynamically changing the parameters for dead-reckoning and local lag according to the network delays and the positions and speeds of the game's objects.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Reduction of Rollbacks in Wireless Multi-user Virtual Environments

Khan

Chabridon

Beugnard

2012

Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering

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Abstract. In distributed virtual environments such as multiplayer games, where many users interact in real time while communicating through a network, the users may have an inconsistent view of the game world because of the communication delays across the network. Consistency maintenance algorithms must be used to have a uniform view of the game world. The majority of these algorithms use rollback mechanisms to correct the inconsistencies that occur because of the disorder of the arrival of update messages. These rollbacks are very costly, especially when playing a game, using high-latency wireless networks, on mobile terminals which have limited memory and processing speed. In this paper, we present a dynamic and adaptive approach for reducing the number of rollbacks in distributed virtual environments on wireless mobile devices. This approach takes into account the underlying network latency and the semantics of the game virtual world to dynamically decide whether a rollback is needed in case inconsistencies have occurred or can be possibly avoided. We evaluate our approach on a simplified version of a Football game on hand-held devices and show that this dynamic rollbacks' reduction approach improves the responsiveness of the game and maintains consistency of the game state while limiting the use of processing power and memory space.

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Computer Games

2007

Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering

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A computer game is an interactive entertainment running on a computers, game consoles, or some electronic devices, such as mobile phones and PDAs. Typically, a computer game accepts input from game players through a keyboard, mouse, joystick, or various types of game controllers to let the players control and interact with game objects. On the other hand, a computer game offers game players different forms of feedback, including visual, audio, and tactile, which are revealed through a computer or TV monitor, speaker, and force‐feedback game controllers, respectively. Technically, developing a computer game is very challenging as it involves not only tremendous artwork furnishings from animators or artists, but more critically, it demands the hard core support from different disciplines of computer science to address various technical issues. In this article, we will review the development in computer games. In particular, we will discuss the technical issues in game development. The rest of the article will present a brief history of computer games; elaborate the development of 2‐D and 3‐D games, multiplayer online games, and the handheld and mobile games; show the details of the critical elements involving game development; elaborate the details in developing a game engine; discuss modern game design issues; and conclude by depicting the future trend of computer games.

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Local-Lag and Timewarp: Providing Consistency for Replicated Continuous Applications

Cited by 205 publications

References 11 publications

Timelines: simplifying the programming of lag compensation for the next generation of networked games

Timelines: simplifying the programming of lag compensation for the next generation of networked games

Dynamic Reduction of Rollbacks in Wireless Multi-user Virtual Environments

Computer Games

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