Local Heating with Lithographically Fabricated Plasmonic Titanium Nitride Nanoparticles

Guler, Urcan; Ndukaife, Justus C.; Naik, Gururaj V.; Nnanna, A. G. Agwu; Kildishev, Alexander V.; Shalaev, Vladimir M.; Boltasseva, Alexandra

doi:10.1021/nl4033457

Cited by 263 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…As a result, no improvement in the Q over the metallic case is expected. Values of Q in the range of 2-6 have been calculated for n-InGaAs [29], with similar results observed for heavily doped wide-gap oxides and nitrides such as AZO [30,31], GZO [32], ITO [30,31], and TiN [26], with Q values on the order 10 [120]. However, recent work within n-type CdO demonstrates Q on the order of 40, similar to plasmonic metallic systems, while offering resonances in the mid-IR, thus providing a promising alternative plasmonic material [33].…”

Section: The Promise Of Phonon Polaritons: a Comparison With Plasmonicssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The search for alternative materials for nanophotonic and metamaterial applications can be broken into two major research thrusts: 1) identifying novel, lowerloss, free-carrier-based plasmonic materials and 2) exploring the use of dielectric materials. In the case of the former, efforts have focused on metal alloys [26][27][28], highly doped semiconductors [29][30][31][32][33] and more recently, graphene [34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. While the spectral range for localized plasmonic modes has been successfully pushed into the infrared using such materials, the plasmonic origin of the modes implies that they are still limited by the relatively fast electron/plasma scattering (typically on the order of 10-100 fs) [41][42][43].…”

Section: Introduction To Surface Phonon Polaritonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-loss, infrared and terahertz nanophotonics using surface phonon polaritons

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The excitation of surface-phonon-polariton (SPhP) modes in polar dielectric crystals and the associated new developments in the field of SPhPs are reviewed. The emphasis of this work is on providing an understanding of the general phenomenon, including the origin of the Reststrahlen band, the role that optical phonons in polar dielectric lattices play in supporting sub-diffraction-limited modes and how the relatively long optical phonon lifetimes can lead to the low optical losses observed within these materials. Based on this overview, the achievements attained to date and the potential technological advantages of these materials are discussed for localized modes in nanostructures, propagating modes on surfaces and in waveguides and novel metamaterial designs, with the goal of realizing low-loss nanophotonics and metamaterials in the mid-infrared to terahertz spectral ranges.

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Section: The Promise Of Phonon Polaritons: a Comparison With Plasmonicssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introduction To Surface Phonon Polaritonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-loss, infrared and terahertz nanophotonics using surface phonon polaritons

et al. 2015

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“…We have previously shown that TiN nanoparticles provide field enhancement comparable to that achievable with Au, with a broader peak spectrally positioned in the biological transparency window [17]. In a more recent study, we experimentally analyzed the absorption efficiencies of lithographically fabricated TiN and Au nanoparticles and showed that TiN nanoparticles can provide enhanced local heating in the biological transparency window when compared to identical Au samples [18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…TiN is a chemically inert material widely used in CMOS and biomedical devices [5,[27][28][29][30]. Combined with the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak located in the biological transparency window [17], bio-compatibility of the material makes it a promising alternative for plasmonic photothermal therapy [18]. Consequently, the plasmonic properties of TiN colloidal nanoparticles are clearly important for future studies on the feasibility of the material for therapeutic applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

Colloidal Plasmonic Titanium Nitride Nanoparticles: Properties and Applications

et al. 2015

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Optical properties of colloidal plasmonic titanium nitride nanoparticles are examined with an eye on their photothermal and photocatalytic applications via transmission electron microscopy and optical transmittance measurements. Single crystal titanium nitride cubic nanoparticles with an average size of 50 nm, which was found to be the optimum size for cellular uptake with gold nanoparticles [1], exhibit plasmon resonance in the biological transparency window and demonstrate a high absorption efficiency. A self-passivating native oxide at the surface of the nanoparticles provides an additional degree of freedom for surface functionalization. The titanium oxide shell surrounding the plasmonic core can create new opportunities for photocatalytic applications. an excitement to develop technologies for a broad range of applications. The wide range of carrier concentrations available from several material classes spans the electromagnetic spectrum from the ultra-violet through the midinfrared [2]. Additionally, the broad variety of materials studied in the field provide extra degrees of freedom to solve technological challenges thanks to the unique properties such as tunability, process compatibility, chemical stability, etc [3]. KeywordsTransition metal nitrides, especially titanium nitride (TiN), have been studied for the last three decades due to the unique combination of their material properties [4]. Metallic behavior of TiN combined with its hardness and chemical stability has attracted attention in microelectronics research [5]. Adjustable optical properties and stoichiometry of TiN thin films were examined in the 1990s [6]. The optical characterization of TiN thin films was extensively performed later with the increasing interest in the field of plasmonics [7][8][9][10]. Improved properties with epitaxial TiN thin films have recently been demonstrated with a hyperbolic metamaterial and a plasmonic waveguide [11,12]. As a refractory plasmonic material, TiN holds the potential to solve critical issues associated with the softness and low melting points of plasmonic metals such as gold and silver [13,14]. In contrast to thin films, TiN nanoparticles have not been extensively studied until recently. Localized surface plasmons (LSPs) in TiN nanoparticles were first theoretically analyzed by Quinten [15], while their first experimental demonstration was performed by Reinholdt et al. [16] In their work, cubic nanoparticles smaller than 10 nm with a broad size dispersion were fabricated through laser ablation, and plasmon resonance peaks centered around 730 nm wavelength were reported. Reinholdt et al. proposed the use of TiN nanoparticles as inorganic, stable color pigments. We have previously shown that TiN nanoparticles provide field enhancement comparable to that achievable with Au, with a broader peak spectrally positioned in the biological transparency window [17]. In a more recent study, we experimentally analyzed the absorption efficiencies of lithographically fabricated TiN and Au nanoparticles an...

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“…This issue has been discussed in [80], which suggests a generalized form of the scattering efficiency, called the near-field intensity efficiency, as a more comprehensive FOM for large scatters in LSP applications. Additionally, a recent work [81] demonstrated the absorption efficiency of particles as the critical FOM for local heating applications. Recently, there is a significant interest in searching for alternative low-loss plasmonic materials [76,[82][83][84][85][86], and applying these materials in SP, LSP, transformation optics, and metamaterials.…”

Section: Nft Self-heating and Materials Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic near-field transducer for heat-assisted magnetic recording

Zhou

Hammack³

et al. 2014

Nanophotonics

136

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Plasmonic devices, made of apertures or antennas, have played significant roles in advancing the fields of optics and opto-electronics by offering subwavelength manipulation of light in the visible and near infrared frequencies. The development of heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) opens up a new application of plasmonic nanostructures, where they act as near field transducers (NFTs) to locally and temporally heat a sub-diffractionlimited region in the recording medium above its Curie temperature to reduce the magnetic coercivity. This allows use of very small grain volume in the medium while still maintaining data thermal stability, and increasing storage density in the next generation hard disk drives (HDDs). In this paper, we review different plasmonic NFT designs that are promising to be applied in HAMR. We focus on the mechanisms contributing to the coupling and confinement of optical energy. We also illustrate the self-heating issue in NFT materials associated with the generation of a confined optical spot, which could result in degradation of performance and failure of components. The possibility of using alternative plasmonic materials will be discussed.

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Local Heating with Lithographically Fabricated Plasmonic Titanium Nitride Nanoparticles

Cited by 263 publications

References 45 publications

Low-loss, infrared and terahertz nanophotonics using surface phonon polaritons

Low-loss, infrared and terahertz nanophotonics using surface phonon polaritons

Colloidal Plasmonic Titanium Nitride Nanoparticles: Properties and Applications

Plasmonic near-field transducer for heat-assisted magnetic recording

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