Local heating/cooling of the mesosphere due to gravity wave and tidal coupling

Liu, Hanli; Hagan, M. E.

doi:10.1029/98gl02153

Cited by 90 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Wind fluctuations, on the other hand, are bound to approach zero amplitude at the poles. Walterscheid (1981), Fritts and Vincent (1987), Liu and Hagan (1998) and Liu et al (2000) have proposed that gravity wave modulation by the tide may produce an enhanced artificial tide at levels above the modulation region. However, it is not clear that this could produce a tidal magnification of a factor of 2 or 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature tides determined with meteor radar

Hocking

Hocking²

2002

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract.A new analysis method for producing tidal temperature parameters using meteor radar measurements is presented, and is demonstrated with data from one polar and two mid-latitude sites. The technique further develops the temperature algorithm originally introduced by Hocking (1999). That earlier method was used to produce temperature measurements over time scales of days and months, but required an empirical model for the mean temperature gradient in the mesopause region. However, when tides are present, this temperature gradient is modulated by the presence of the tides, complicating extraction of diurnal variations. Nevertheless, if the vertical wavelengths of the tides are known from wind measurements, the effects of the gradient variations can be compensated for, permitting determination of temperature tidal amplitudes and phases by meteor techniques. The basic theory is described, and results from meteor radars at Resolute Bay (Canada), London (Canada) and Albuquerque (New Mexico, USA) are shown. Our results are compared with other lidar data, computer models, fundamental tidal theory and rocket data. Phase measurements at two mid-latitude sites (Albuquerque, New Mexico, and London, Canada) show times of maximum for the diurnal temperature tide to change modestly throughout most of the year, varying generally between 0 h and 6 h, with an excursion to 12 h in June at London. The semidiurnal tide shows a larger annual variation in time of maximum, being at 2-4 h in the winter months but increasing to 9 h during the late summer and early fall. We also find that, at least at mid-latitudes, the phase of the temperature tide matches closely the phase of the meridional tide, and theoretical justification for this statement is given. We also demonstrate that this is true using the Global Scale Wave Model (Hagan et al., 1999). Median values for the temperature amplitudes for each site are in the range 5 to 6 Kelvin. Results from a more northern site (Resolute Bay) show less consistency between the wind tides and the temperature tides, supporting suggestions that the temperature tides may be zonally symmetric at these high latitudes (e.g.Correspondence to: A. Hocking (mardoc-inc@rogers.com) Walterscheid and Sivjee, 2001).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature tides determined with meteor radar

Hocking

Hocking²

2002

Ann. Geophys.

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“…Meriwether et al (1994), using Rayleigh lidar observations, also observed similar wave activity with downward phase propagation for winter events. Their numerical, two-dimensional model of gravity wavetidal coupling points strongly to the conclusion that breaking gravity waves may play a significant role by amplifying the temperature amplitude of the tidal structure and production of large MILs (Liu et al, 1998(Liu et al, , 1999(Liu et al, , 2000. Recently, Meriwether et al (2000) have given a thorough review of MILs and explained the possible causes for the occurrence of MILs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesospheric temperature inversions over the Indian tropical region

Beig

2004

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract. To study the mesospheric temperature inversion, daily temperature profiles obtained from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) aboard the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite (UARS) during the period 1991-2001 over the Indian tropical region (0-30 • N, 60-100 • E) have been analyzed for the altitude range 34-86 km. The frequency of occurrence of inversion is found to be 67% over this period, which shows a strong semiannual cycle, with a maximum occurring one month after equinoxes (May and November). Amplitude of inversion is found to be as high as 40 K. Variation of monthly mean peak and bottom heights along with amplitude of inversions also show the semiannual cycle. The inversion layer is detected most frequently in the altitude range of 70-85 km, with peak height ranging from 80 to 83 km and that of the bottom height from 72 to 74 km. A comparison of frequency of temperature inversion with that obtained from Rayleigh lidar observations over Gadanki (13.5 • N, 60-100 • E) is found to be reasonable. The seasonal variation of amplitude and frequency of occurrence of temperature inversion indicates a good correlation with seasonal variation of average ozone concentration over the altitude range of the inversion layer.

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“…In addition to observational studies, numerical models have been employed extensively to study tidal-GW interactions (Forbes et al, 1991;McLandress and Ward, 1994;Eckermann and Marks, 1996;Liu and Hagan, 1998;Mayr et al, 1998Mayr et al, , 2001Meyer, 1999;Norton and Thuburn, 1999;Liu et al, 2000;Akmaev, 2001;England et al, 2006;Ortland and Alexander, 2006;Liu et al, 2008;Senf and Achatz, 2011). Based on these observational and numerical studies, we know that tidal-GW interactions can, among others, (1) change the local wind and temperature, e.g., by forming temperatureinversion layers (Liu and Hagan, 1998;Meriwether et al, 1998;Sica et al, 2002;Sridharan et al, 2008); (2) cause short-term and seasonal variability of tidal structures (Mayr et al, 1998;Meyer, 1999); (3) modulate GWs' energy and momentum flux (Beldon and Mitchell, 2010); and (4) lead to GW instability and dissipation at the critical layers (Williams et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency variations of gravity waves interacting with a time-varying tide

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Using a nonlinear, 2-D time-dependent numerical model, we simulate the propagation of gravity waves (GWs) in a time-varying tide. Our simulations show that when a GW packet propagates in a time-varying tidal-wind environment, not only its intrinsic frequency but also its ground-based frequency would change significantly. The tidal horizontalwind acceleration dominates the GW frequency variation. Positive (negative) accelerations induce frequency increases (decreases) with time. More interestingly, tidal-wind acceleration near the critical layers always causes the GW frequency to increase, which may partially explain the observations that high-frequency GW components are more dominant in the middle and upper atmosphere than in the lower atmosphere. The combination of the increased ground-based frequency of propagating GWs in a time-varying tidal-wind field and the transient nature of the critical layer induced by a time-varying tidal zonal wind creates favorable conditions for GWs to penetrate their originally expected critical layers. Consequently, GWs have an impact on the background atmosphere at much higher altitudes than expected, which indicates that the dynamical effects of tidal-GW interactions are more complicated than usually taken into account by GW parameterizations in global models.

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Local heating/cooling of the mesosphere due to gravity wave and tidal coupling

Cited by 90 publications

References 11 publications

Temperature tides determined with meteor radar

Temperature tides determined with meteor radar

Mesospheric temperature inversions over the Indian tropical region

Frequency variations of gravity waves interacting with a time-varying tide

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