Local habitat association does not inform landscape management of threatened birds

Farrell, Claire E.; Fahrig, Lenore; Mitchell, Greg W.; Wilson, Scott

doi:10.1007/s10980-019-00843-6

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…However, our results suggest that Eastern Whip-poor-wills preferentially occupy larger forest patches in this region. Edge habitat and small natural or anthropogenic openings may still be beneficial at finer spatial scales, but if so, those effects did not translate to the broad spatial scales we examined (English et al 2017, Farrell et al 2019. It is possible that open agricultural land cover does not represent beneficial foraging habitat because of a reduction in insect prey if agrochemicals are applied to agricultural fields (Stoate et al 2009, Stanton et al 2018.…”

Section: Eastern Whip-poor-willmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…We found that Eastern Whip-poor-will occupancy was positively related to wetland amount. Wetlands have been shown to be important habitat for this species in the boreal forest of northern Ontario, and they were stronger predictors of landscape-level occupancy than clearcuts, which are also selected at local scales (Farrell et al 2017(Farrell et al , 2019. This relationship with wetlands may be because they provide open areas for foraging and high insect abundance (Spitzer andDanks 2006, COSEWIC 2009).…”

Section: Eastern Whip-poor-willmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several factors have been hypothesized as contributing to observed declines in Eastern Whip-poor-will populations, including reduced food availability and habitat loss on the breeding grounds (Boettner et al 2000, Hallmann et al 2014, Tozer et al 2014, English et al 2017, and habitat loss on the wintering grounds (Cink et al 2017). Threats to Common Nighthawks are poorly known, in part because a large proportion of the Canadian population breeds in remote areas of the boreal forest where distribution and trend information is limited (Farrell et al 2017(Farrell et al , 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The importance of various components of landscape structure for Eastern Whip-poor-wills appears to be scale-dependent. For example, in relatively intact forested regions, forest amount has been found to influence Eastern Whip-poor-will presence at a broad landscape scale, but forest edge appears to be more important at finer spatial scales (Akresh and King 2016, English et al 2017, Farrell et al 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of landscape composition and configuration on Eastern Whip-poor-will (Caprimulgus vociferous) and Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) occupancy in an agroecosystem

Vala¹,

Mitchell²,

Hannah³

et al. 2020

ACE

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Agricultural expansion and intensification are some of the leading drivers of biodiversity loss globally. Effective conservation and management strategies for threatened species in agroecosystems require information on how these species are affected by (1) the amount and configuration of natural habitats, and (2) the type and extent of agricultural land covers. The Eastern Whippoor-will (Caprimulgus vociferous) and Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) are two nocturnal aerial insectivores in decline in North America, and have breeding ranges that include agriculturally dominated landscapes. We first assessed mean breeding occupancy of both species in eastern Ontario, Canada in 2016 using acoustic recording units at 127 sites. We then assessed the effects of landscape composition (forest, agriculture, wetlands, and urban covers), forest configuration (mean patch size, number of patches, distance to nearest patch), and agriculture type (perennial forages versus cropland) on Eastern Whip-poor-will occupancy. Eastern Whip-poorwill and Common Nighthawk occupancy in the study area averaged 0.244 and 0.064, respectively. We were unable to examine the relationships between landscape composition/configuration and Common Nighthawk occupancy because of small sample sizes. Nonetheless, Eastern Whip-poor-will occupancy was positively correlated with the amount of wetland cover and forest patch size, was weakly negatively correlated with urban land cover, and was unrelated to the type of agriculture. Our results highlight how the conservation of the Eastern Whip-poor-will in agricultural landscapes of eastern Canada would benefit from both wetland protection and the presence of larger forest patches, which can be accomplished through both forest protection and by allowing forest regeneration on abandoned lands.Les effets de la composition et de la configuration du paysage sur la présence de l'Engoulevent boispourri (Caprimulgus vociferous) et de l'Engoulevent d'Amérique (Chordeiles minor) dans un agroécosystème RÉSUMÉ. L'expansion et l'intensification de l'agriculture sont parmi les causes principales de perte de biodiversité à l'échelle mondiale. Pour que les stratégies de conservation et de gestion des espèces menacées vivant dans les agroécosystèmes soient efficaces, il est important de savoir comment ces espèces sont affectées par (1) la superficie et la configuration des milieux naturels, et (2) le type et l'étendue des terres agricoles. L'Engoulevent bois-pourri (Caprimulgus vociferous) et l'Engoulevent d'Amérique (Chordeiles minor) sont deux insectivores aériens nocturnes en diminution en Amérique du Nord, et leur aire de nidification comprend des paysages dominés par l'agriculture. Premièrement, nous avons déterminé la présence de ces deux espèces au moment de la nidification dans l'est de l'Ontario, Canada, à l'aide d'enregistreurs automatiques à 127 sites en 2016. Nous avons ensuite évalué les effets de la composition du paysage (couvert forestier, agricole, de milieux humides ou urbain), de la configuration forestièr...

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Section: Eastern Whip-poor-willmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Eastern Whip-poor-willmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of landscape composition and configuration on Eastern Whip-poor-will (Caprimulgus vociferous) and Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) occupancy in an agroecosystem

Vala¹,

Mitchell²,

Hannah³

et al. 2020

ACE

Self Cite

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“…This greater negative impact of agriculture on species diversity in a forest versus prairie ecosystem is likely due to at least two factors. First, habitat selection is typically a multi-scale process where initial selection is based on landscape structure followed by finer scale selection of a habitat patch within that landscape (Jones 2001, Farrell et al 2019). A higher proportion of species in forest will be adapted to wooded environments and agriculture likely affects these species at both spatial scales.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extent of similarity between agricultural and natural land covers shapes how biodiversity responds to agricultural expansion at landscape scales

Wilson

Alavi-Shoushtari

Pouliot

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The impact of agriculture on biodiversity depends on the extent and types of 23 agriculture and the degree to which agricultural land contrasts with the natural ecosystem. Most 24 research on the latter comes from studies on the influence of different agricultural types within a 25 single ecosystem with far less study on how the natural ecosystem context shapes the response of 26 biodiversity to agricultural production. We used citizen science data from agricultural areas in 27 Canada's Eastern Hardwood-Boreal (forest ecosystem, n=108 landscapes) and Prairie Pothole 28 (prairie ecosystem, n=99) regions to examine how ecosystem context shapes the response of 29 avian species diversity, functional diversity and abundance to the amount of arable crop and 30 pastoral agriculture at landscape scales. Avian surveys were conducted along 8km transects of 31 Breeding Bird Survey routes with land cover assembled within a 20km 2 landscape around each 32 transect. The amount of agriculture at which species diversity peaked differed between the forest 33 (15%) and prairie (51%) ecosystems, indicating that fewer species tolerated the expansion of 34 agriculture in the former. In both ecosystems, functional diversity initially increased with 35 agriculture and peaked at higher amounts (forest: 42%, prairie: 77%) than species diversity 36 suggesting that functional redundancy was lost first as agriculture increased. Species turnover 37 with increasing agriculture was primarily among functional groups in forest where a shift from a 38 low to a high agriculture landscape led to a decline in the percent of the community represented 39 by Neotropical migrants, insectivores, upper foliage gleaners and bark foragers, and an increase 40 in the percent of the community represented by short-distance migrants, granivores, omnivores 41 and ground gleaners. There were few distinct shifts in the percent of the community represented 42 by different functional groups in the prairie ecosystem. Total abundance was the least sensitive 43 measure examined in both ecosystems and indicated that species losses with agriculture are 44 likely followed by numerical compensation from agriculture tolerant species. Our results 45 3 highlight the importance of ecosystem context for understanding how biodiversity is affected by 46 agricultural production with declines in diversity occurring at lower agricultural extents in 47 ecosystems with lower similarity between natural and agricultural land covers. These findings 48 allow for more specific conservation recommendations including managing for species intolerant 49 to agriculture in prairie ecosystems and limiting the expansion of high contrast agriculture and 50 the loss of semi-natural habitat, such as hedge rows, in historically forested ecosystems.51 52

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Woodland restoration and forest structure affect nightjar abundance in the Ozark Highlands

2022

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Chuck‐will's‐widow (Antrostomus carolinensis) and eastern whip‐poor‐will (Antrostomus vociferus) are nightjars in eastern North America that have declined 69% and 67%, respectively, in abundance since 1966, resulting in conservation concerns for these species. We investigated relationships between nightjar abundance and landscape composition, forest structure, and application of tree thinning and prescribed fire because of regional interest in woodland restoration and nightjar conservation. We conducted nocturnal nightjar surveys at 385 points in southern Missouri, USA, in 2014 and 2015 and related counts to pine (Pinus spp.) and hardwood basal area, canopy closure, percent forest cover, and percent of area thinned or burned within 500 m of survey points. We modeled abundance of chuck‐will's‐widow and eastern whip‐poor‐will using time‐removal models that included a detection process and an abundance process within a hierarchical Bayesian framework. We detected 534 eastern whip‐poor‐will and 186 chuck‐will's‐widow during surveys. Our data supported global models that included all 6 vegetation and management variables for both species. Chuck‐will's‐widow abundance was negatively related to hardwood basal area and peaked at intermediate values of percent area burned and percent forest cover. Eastern whip‐poor‐will abundance was negatively related to hardwood basal area and canopy cover, positively related to percent forest cover and percent of area burned, and peaked at low to moderate levels of percent of area thinned. Relationships to forest structure and management activities generally supported the conclusion that woodland restoration benefits nightjars and that chuck‐will's‐widow select landscapes with less forest cover than eastern whip‐poor‐will.

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Local habitat association does not inform landscape management of threatened birds

Cited by 14 publications

References 52 publications

The effects of landscape composition and configuration on Eastern Whip-poor-will (Caprimulgus vociferous) and Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) occupancy in an agroecosystem

The effects of landscape composition and configuration on Eastern Whip-poor-will (Caprimulgus vociferous) and Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) occupancy in an agroecosystem

Extent of similarity between agricultural and natural land covers shapes how biodiversity responds to agricultural expansion at landscape scales

Woodland restoration and forest structure affect nightjar abundance in the Ozark Highlands

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