Local-field effects in nanostructured photonic materials

Dolgaleva, Ksenia; Boyd, Robert W.

doi:10.1364/aop.4.000001

Cited by 87 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 145 publications

(395 reference statements)

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“…Finally, we remark on the limitations of the shell theorem. In general, the refractive index of the QD may be different from that of the surrounding medium, leading to local field effects 40 and a possibly nontrivial dependence of the radiative lifetime on the QD radius. 19 In such cases it might seem reasonable to include additional scattering from the QD itself in the definition of B (χ ), resulting in a possibly radiusdependent correction to Eq.…”

Section: S/bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shell theorem for spontaneous emission

et al. 2013

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We investigate spontaneous emission from excitons beyond the point source dipole approximation and show how the symmetry of the exciton wave function plays a crucial role. We find that for spherically symmetric wave functions, the Purcell effect is independent of the wave function size and therefore is given exactly by the dipole approximation theory. This surprising result is a spontaneous emission counterpart to the shell theorems of classical mechanics and electrostatics and provides insights into the physics of mesoscopic emitters as well as great simplifications in practical calculations. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.205308 PACS number(s): 42.50.−p, 42.70.Qs, 78.20.Bh, 78.67.Hc The Purcell effect is the relative change in the spontaneous emission decay rate of an excited emitter due to the photonic environment. While originally derived for optical microcavities, 1 the effect has been observed in a wide range of material systems including planar interfaces, 2 photonic crystals (PCs), 3 and near metal nanoparticles. 4 A recent application has been to employ a controlled Purcell effect for extracting fundamental properties of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), such as the oscillator strength and the internal quantum efficiency. 5,6 By increasing the spontaneous emission rate, the Purcell effect can be utilized for overcoming the decoherence and dissipation processes inherent to QDs. For this reason, the Purcell effect has important applications in the generation of coherent photons from QDs 7 and in solid-state optical quantum processing in general, 8,9 and the Purcell effect remains a main driving force for nanophotonics research. Very large Purcell effects have been predicted for dipole emitters near nanoscale metal structures due to extreme field gradients, but recent studies have shown that nonlocal effects in the material response play a crucial role and that local theories can overestimate the Purcell effect by orders of magnitude.10 These results might suggest that nonlocal effects inside the emitter can smear out or average local variations in the photonic environment, e.g., near metallic nanostructures. Nevertheless, we prove a surprising theorem showing that for spherical emitters the nonlocal optical response inside the emitter cannot change the Purcell effect, and we illustrate that this result is remarkably robust against deviations from spherical symmetry. Interestingly, the theorem takes the form of a shell theorem for spontaneous emission.Theoretically, the description of spontaneous emission from QDs is often performed using a framework originally derived for atoms and ions. It relies on the celebrated dipole approximation (DA), which greatly simplifies the theoretical description of light-matter interaction in cases where the wavelength is large compared to the extent of the emitter. For such point sources, the spontaneous emission decay rate factorizes as DA (r 0 ) = α QD ρ(r 0 ), where α QD is intrinsic to the QD and ρ(r 0 ) is the local density of states (LDOS) 11,12 describing the photoni...

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Section: S/bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shell theorem for spontaneous emission

et al. 2013

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“…Similar phenomena have been observed in the field of electromagnetic materials. Effective medium theories [1][2][3] have been developed to predict the modified bulk properties of electromagnetic media embedded with impurities in difference scenarios. Very recently, it has been observed that the bulk properties, as well as transmission behaviors of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) media [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], are very sensitive to embedded impurities.…”

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Electromagnetic Impurity-Immunity Induced by Parity-Time Symmetry

Luo

Lai

2018

Phys. Rev. X

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Impurities usually play an important role in modifying the bulk properties of electronic or electromagnetic materials. In this work, we demonstrate a way to break this discipline and realize the extraordinary physical property of impurity-immunity, which leads to perfect transmission irrespective of embedded impurities of almost any material and shape. This extraordinary property comes from the exceptional points of a pair of parity-time (PT)-symmetric metasurfaces sandwiching a slab of epsilonnear-zero medium. By systematically investigating the PT-symmetric metasurfaces sandwiching a slab of dielectrics or metamaterials, we obtain the two complementary solutions of exceptional points corresponding to perfect transmission. Interestingly, when the permittivity of the slab approaches zero, the two solutions of exceptional points coalesce into one exceptional point. At such a critical point, we find that the original "doping" effect of impurities in epsilon-near-zero media, proposed by Nader Engheta's group very recently [I. Liberal et al., Science 355, 1058(2017], is significantly suppressed. Our work shows that exceptional points can be used to eliminate scattering of impurities in a bulk medium.

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“…[1,7,18] The effective (hyper)polarizabilities are a combination of the highest-order response and cascaded lower-order responses. When near resonance, one must be careful to account for the imaginary (nondegenerate frequency mixing, absorption, etc.)…”

Section: First-order Corrections To Microscopic Cascadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling off-resonant nonlinear-optical cascading in mesoscopic thin films and guest-host molecular systems

2013

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A model for off-resonant microscopic cascading of (hyper)polarizabilities is developed using a selfconsistent field approach to study mesoscopic systems of nonlinear polarizable atoms and molecules. We find enhancements in the higher-order susceptibilities resulting from geometrical and boundary orientation effects. We include an example of the dependence on excitation beam cross sectional structure and a simplified derivation of the microscopic cascading of the nonlinear optical response in guest-host systems.

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Local-field effects in nanostructured photonic materials

Cited by 87 publications

References 145 publications

Shell theorem for spontaneous emission

Shell theorem for spontaneous emission

Electromagnetic Impurity-Immunity Induced by Parity-Time Symmetry

Modeling off-resonant nonlinear-optical cascading in mesoscopic thin films and guest-host molecular systems

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