Local entrepreneurship through a multistakeholders' tourism living lab in the post‐violence/peripheral era in the Basque Country

Calzada, Igor

doi:10.1111/rsp3.12130

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The SE as a cause of overtourism [77,80,[85][86][87] The SE as a factor of consolidating/speeding overtourism [29,42] Making use of private accommodation as a consumer authenticity and localhood trend [26,29,47,77,[88][89][90] Proliferation of the SE accommodation as a factor leading to deterioration of residents' perception/attitudes towards tourism/tourists [2,3,28,31,80] The SE collating overtourism…”

Section: Se Perceived/studied Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sharing Economy and Sustainability of Urban Destinations in the (Over)tourism Context: The Social Capital Theory Perspective

et al. 2020

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This article contributes to the discussion on the sustainability of the sharing economy by adopting the Social Capital Theory to expand explanations of the sharing economy's role and scope of relations with local communities in the context of overtourism. As mutual relationships have not been fully recognized through a theoretical perspective, the article aims to examine the sustainability of the process of the sharing economy impacting urban tourism communities in light of Robert Putnam's approach to Social Capital Theory. On the basis of a selective systematic review, the article discusses the sustainability of the sharing economy through the lens of bridging and bonding social capital. We argue that a new configuration of social capital, i.e., a sharing platform-modified social capital, arises from the unsustainable and disruptive power of the sharing economy implemented by virtual platforms, thereby contributing to an overtourism syndrome. However, from a medium-and long-term perspective, the sharing economy also impacts the bridging nature of social capital, which should lead to a more sustainable balance in its structure. This initial framework for understanding the impact of the sharing economy on sustainability of local communities provides an alternative approach to studying residents' perceptions and attitudes towards tourism in the areas affected by overtourism.Sustainability 2020, 12, 2310 2 of 26 human and economic activity, strongly emphasizing its presence in the tourism industry, especially in accommodation, transport, catering and tourism experiences [19,20]. As the SE's impact is widely discussed through the prism of accommodation platforms [20][21][22][23] we mostly consider this sector of the tourism industry. Overtourism, in turn, is a place-specific and industry-related mechanism. As a temporary and 'explosive' phenomenon, it condenses all the aspects of visitors' activity and the tourism industry in affected destinations, including the experiences or services distributed or accessed by sharing. Thus, when these two phenomena are studied together, we can discuss tourism as a domain of the SE, and the 'sharing' aspects of overtourism.Yet, due to an early phase of their evolution and the eruptive nature of their expansion, mutual relationships of both phenomena have not been fully recognized, leaving a gap for further research. Even so, many researchers claim that the SE contributes to overtourism by jointly pushing urban gentrification processes, depopulation of city centers and other processes of social exclusion [3,[24][25][26][27][28]. In light of this, in this article we consider overtourism in the context of studying the impact of the SE expansion on local communities. The emerging overtourism syndrome may be one of first striking examples of the problems in which the SE is directly involved. Thus, the externalities resulting from the SE in (over)tourism context on the community level could be a laboratory for SE's influence in general.Although sustainability issues involving the SE have...

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Section: Se Perceived/studied Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sharing Economy and Sustainability of Urban Destinations in the (Over)tourism Context: The Social Capital Theory Perspective

et al. 2020

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“…A rooted democratic environment, which has marked the Scottish and Catalan experience since 2014, represents a crucial difference in forthcoming years in the backdrop of this debate (Bianchini, 2017, p. 184). Given the ongoing experiences in Europe as useful lessons about the contentious nexus of citizenship and democracy, this paper explores the novel notion of 'algorithmic nations', which goes beyond internal discord around plurinationality and quasi-federalism by presenting the ongoing transition of the Basque Country in the hopes of a post-violence era (Calzada, 2018b;Sanso-Navarro, Sanz-Gracia, & Vera-Cabello, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

‘Algorithmic nations’: seeing like a city-regional and techno-political conceptual assemblage

Calzada

2018

Regional Studies, Regional Science

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There are changing dynamics among political regionalization processes and the rescaling of nation-states in Europe. However, updated and timely research remains scant, ambiguous and unable to meet the challenges of data-driven societies and uneven borders. Nations' physical boundaries matter as much as political borders in their pervasive and growing algorithmic, stateless, liquid and metropolitan citizenship patterns. This paper explores these new 'connectographies' from a regional science perspective, introducing the term 'algorithmic nations' as a city-regional and techno-political conceptual assemblage. A case study is presented of the small stateless city-regionalized European nation of the Basque Country through its analytical and transitional lens, locally known as 'Euskal Hiria' (Basque city-region in the Basque language). This paper questions whether the Basque Country could evolve by (1) modifying its governmental logics and (2) merging its three separate devolved administrations (3) while enabling their direct interactions with citizens (4) through blockchain technologies as the small state of Estonia is implementing and employing cutting-edge algorithmic governance frameworks. In doing so, this paper suggests how four driversmetropolitanization, devolution, the right to decide and blockchainmay be respectively invigorating four dynamicsgeoeconomics, geopolitics, geodemocratics and geotechnologicsin this transition towards the algorithmic nations. Ultimately, this paper concludes with an algorithmic nations research and policy agenda decalogue of how these geotechnological changes might determine the future position of small stateless city-regionalized nations in the European Union.

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“…So far it has been applied with a resident focus in different disciplines [101][102][103], but it still lacks widely accepted definitions and frameworks [104] or knowledge about cooperative mechanisms for innovation [105,106]. In tourism, the LL has only been introduced a few times [25,107,108]. As there is a research gap in adopting the LL for tourism purposes, it is necessary to identify the characteristics of the LL and to contextualize its basic causal mechanisms with established coordination-logics applied in DG.…”

Section: Tools For Residents' Participationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A strength of the LL is that residents can already be involved in an early planning phase [103]. The publications on Life & Work focus also on governance issues [135], but proceed towards local entrepreneurship [107], social innovation [136], or the design of the future workplace [137]. The Smart City cluster has high relevance in the LL research.…”

Section: Content Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On a practical level, Burbridge (2017) [149] provides a collection of applications, ranging from health issues, to economic topics for small and medium sized enterprises, business models, and innovations, and to public challenges in energy and environmental transformation, sustainable technologies, eco-cities and smart cities, and community innovation [149]. On a more abstract level, the analyzed papers focused on the following: (1) cities [133,139,143,148], (2) the living lab itself [102,153,158], (3) tourism destinations [25,107], (4) companies [137], and (5) LL networks, such as EnoLL [154]. Support was provided by Westerlund et al (2018) [157], who additionally focused on (6) ecosystems [157].…”

Section: Fields Of Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Living Lab as a Tool to Promote Residents’ Participation in Destination Governance

et al. 2020

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Growing numbers of tourist arrivals, in combination with community-centered tourism products, have fueled the recent debate on overtourism and a redefining of local steering processes. This has also called for the participation of residents in governance processes. One tool to utilize residents’ participation and cross-stakeholder involvement is the Living Lab (LL), which also functions as a medium for self-organization. This article tackles the research gap that exists in the combination of the LL mechanisms and destination governance (DG). Therefore, the research questions address the characteristics and mechanisms of LLs and the potential for residents’ participation. These efforts are operationalized through a systematic literature review (SLR) on LLs, which involves 40 articles. The transfer of the LL characteristics towards DG reveals that certain drivers and barriers exist when implementing the LL in the governance process, such as the combination of destination and city planning or the redefining of hierarchical structures. The SLR recommendations for future research are based on the interface of LL and DG.

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Local entrepreneurship through a multistakeholders' tourism living lab in the post‐violence/peripheral era in the Basque Country

Cited by 31 publications

References 30 publications

The Sharing Economy and Sustainability of Urban Destinations in the (Over)tourism Context: The Social Capital Theory Perspective

The Sharing Economy and Sustainability of Urban Destinations in the (Over)tourism Context: The Social Capital Theory Perspective

‘Algorithmic nations’: seeing like a city-regional and techno-political conceptual assemblage

The Living Lab as a Tool to Promote Residents’ Participation in Destination Governance

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