Local delivery of gaseous signaling molecules for orthopedic disease therapy

Abstract

Over the past decade, a proliferation of research has used nanoparticles to deliver gaseous signaling molecules for medical purposes. The discovery and revelation of the role of gaseous signaling molecules have been accompanied by nanoparticle therapies for their local delivery. While most of them have been applied in oncology, recent advances have demonstrated their considerable potential in diagnosing and treating orthopedic diseases. Three of the currently recognized gaseous signaling molecules, nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), are highlighted in this review along with their distinctive biological functions and roles in orthopedic diseases. Moreover, this review summarizes the progress in therapeutic development over the past ten years with a deeper discussion of unresolved issues and potential clinical applications.

Recent advances in stimuli-responsive controlled release systems for neuromodulation

“…In addition, gasotransmitters such as nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide, and carbon monoxide can be released from the corresponding donors in the presence of enzymes or intercellular reducing agents such as glutathione and play crucial roles in synaptic plasticity and neural communication. [66][67][68] Modifying the gasotransmitter donor with peptides or targeted substances to form nanoparticles can improve the stability and efficacy of gasotransmitters. For example, Pal et al developed a new method for delivering NO by combining a self-assembling peptide with a nitrated aspirin to form soft nanospheres that can control and sustain the release of NO in the presence of intercellular glutathione.…”

Codelivery of Gaseous Signaling Molecules for Biomedical Applications

“…While the codelivery of NO and H 2 S has been extensively explored and is well‐established, the codelivery of CO in combination with two other gaseous signaling molecules is an area that has received relatively less attention. This is partly due to the fact that CO′s primary targets are heme‐containing proteins, which could be perceived as a more limited range of targets compared to NO and H 2 S [29] . However, it is important to note that CO′s signaling pathways intersect with those of other gaseous molecules, and its therapeutic potential combined with multiple gasotransmitters remains an intriguing avenue for further investigation.…”

Advances in H2O2-supplying materials for tumor therapy: synthesis, classification, mechanisms, and applications

“…86 In addition, amino modification of platinum allows efficient loading of GOX under the catalysis of EDC/NHS for combination therapy. 87 GOX can also be biomineralised with a variety of active ions such as Cu 2+ to form composite nanomaterials. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) could be employed as a dispersant to encapsulate composite nanomaterials.…”