“…Consequently, firms acknowledge the importance of improving the dissemination of their information apart from disclosure (Bushee, Core, Guay, & Hamm, ; Bushee & Miller, ). Thus, a broader spread of carbon information allows potential investors to be aware of a firm's information and enlarges the investor base, which in turn can improve firm value and reduce the COE (Byun & Oh, ; Heinkel, Kraus, & Zechner, ; Merton, ).…”