“…[
63,64 ] The bond shortening effect is ascribed to hybridization of s–p orbitals of Al and d ‐orbitals of TM. [
60–66 ] The atoms in the amorphous alloy systems cannot always be considered as hard spheres due to this effect or in other words, and calculation by taking nominal atomic radii leads to error in many cases. Thus, Zhang et al further modified the “ λ criterion” by replacing nominal atomic radii (
) in Equation () with effective atomic radii (
) and introduced λ ‐prime ( λ ′) criterion.…”