We define a complex R RrJ J of graded modules on a d-dimensional simplicial complex ⌬, so that the top homology module of this complex consists of piecewise Ž . polynomial functions splines of smoothness r on the cone of ⌬. In a series of w Ž . papers, Billera and Rose Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 310 1988 , 325᎐340; Comput. Ž . Ž . x Geom. 6 1991 , 107᎐128; Math. Z. 209 1992 , 485᎐497 used a similar approach to study the dimension of the spaces of splines on ⌬, but with a complex substantially different from R RrJ J. We obtain bounds on the dimension of the homology modules Ž . H R R rJ J for all i -d and find a spectral sequence which relates these modules to i the spline module. We use this to give simple conditions governing the projective dimension of the spline module. We also prove that if the spline module is free, then it is determined entirely by local data; that is, by the arrangements of hyperplanes incident to the various dimensional faces of ⌬. ᮊ 1997 Academic Press