Local changes in the microstructure, mechanical and electrochemical properties of friction stir welded joints from aluminium of varying grain size

Orłowska, Marta; Pixner, Florian; Hütter, Andreas; Kooijman, Agnieszka; Jasiński, C.; González-García, Yaiza; Enzinger, Norbert; Lewandowska, M.

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.11.057

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Furthermore, the uncoated stir zone exhibited lower Icorr and higher Rp values compared to the base material, further supporting its improved corrosion resistance. These enhancements will result in the development of a stable and passive film over the stir zone surface, facilitated by microstructural changes induced by the FSW process, such as reduced grain size and altered grain orientation [47]. Fine microstructures may reduce the process of corrosion of substrate material, resulting in the I corr parameter.…”

Section: Mao Coatings Analysis and Potentiodynamic Polarization (Pdp)...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A surface and corrosion characterisation of micro arc oxidation treated friction stir welded ZM21 and ZE41 magnesium alloy: a comparison study

Monish,

Hari Krishna,

Rajkumar

2024

Phys. Scr.

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Magnesium alloys have gained attention as promising materials in industrial applications, for their high specific strength and low density. Magnesium alloys have desirable mechanical properties, but their poor corrosion resistance prevents their safe implementation. Alloys such as ZM21 and ZE41, possess unique properties that provide improved machinability and increased red-hot strength, respectively, while remaining prone to corrosion. To improve corrosion resistance, surface treatments and coating processes are employed. Comparing the corrosion characteristics of ZM21 and ZE41 is vital for aerospace and automotive applications, directly affecting component durability, reliability, and performance against corrosion. Magnesium alloys are frequently joined through friction stir welding (FSW), hence, similar importance is provided to studying the corrosion performance of welds, since FSW introduces microstructural changes that alter corrosion performance of welded joints. The paper discusses electrochemical corrosion mechanisms and analyzes the effect of Micro Arc Oxidation (MAO) coating on electrode potential, passivity, and electrical resistance of ZM21 and ZE41 plates welded through FSW. MAO treatments were performed on both base material and FSW joints. The corrosion performance of MAO-coated FSWed ZM21 and ZE41 alloys was compared through the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Potentio-Dynamic Polarisation (PDP) tests. The PDP test revealed that MAO treatment enhanced the corrosion resistance of both base and FSWed ZM21 and ZE41 magnesium alloys. There was an improvement in potential polarization (Rp) values from 565 Ω cm2 to 11245 Ω cm2 for ZM21 and from 1184.4 Ω cm2 to 11435.69 Ω cm2 for ZE41 alloys. While exhibiting improvements in corrosion resistance, MAO-treated ZE41 performed better than MAO-treated ZM21. PDP results were verified through confirmatory EIS results. Therefore, MAO treatments are effective methods to improve the corrosion performance of Mg alloys. Evaluation of MAO coating performance on various FSW Mg alloys and studying their corrosion performance is crucial for engineering material selection.

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Section: Mao Coatings Analysis and Potentiodynamic Polarization (Pdp)...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A surface and corrosion characterisation of micro arc oxidation treated friction stir welded ZM21 and ZE41 magnesium alloy: a comparison study

Monish,

Hari Krishna,

Rajkumar

2024

Phys. Scr.

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“…As mentioned previously, microstructure of the FSW joints has been previously considered in the literature, e.g. [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In most cases, experimental examinations are performed.…”

Section: Fig 1 Schematic Illustration Of Fsw Process [9]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, significant plastic deformation occurs during the stirring process; therefore, this process consists of all elements which form the basis of hightemperature thermo-mechanical processing. During the deformation and recrystallization (static and/or dynamic), a very intensive decrease of grain size occurs in the welded joint microstructure, [1,2]. Hence, the welded joint is often not a critical spot in the welded structure, because the microstructure which is formed does not contribute to the initiation of the cracks which are critical for welds: hot cracks, cold cracks, lamellar tearing or cracks caused by subsequent thermal treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of temperature and plastic deformation on AA2024 T3 friction stir welded joint microstructure

et al. 2023

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This paper deals with analysis and comparison of the equivalent plastic strain and temperature fields in the aluminium alloy 2024 T3 welded joint, with macro/microstructure appearance and hardness profile. In the alloys hardened by heat treatment, grain size and particle size of the precipitate are functions of equivalent plastic strain, strain rate and temperature. By analyzing the equivalent plastic strain fields and temperature fields it is possible, to some extent, to capture the effect of welding parameters and thermo-mechanical conditions on grain structure, and therefore hardness and strength in the welded joint. A coupled thermo-mechanical model is applied to study the material behaviour during the linear welding stage of friction stir welding (FSW). Three-dimensional finite element (FE) model has been created in ABAQUS/Explicit software using the Johnson-Cook material law. The values of thermo-mechanical quantities during the welding stage are obtained from the numerical model and shown as distributions across the joint. The obtained values of these quantities are related to the microstructure of the joint zones and hardness distribution, and this relation is discussed.

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“…The application of FSW to UFG materials was examined mainly for Al [ 8 ]. In the case of commercially pure Al, grain growth from 1 µm for the base material (BM) to a few microns in the weld has been achieved [ 9 , 10 ]. It is caused by a dynamic recrystallization that occurs in the stir zone (SZ) [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Joints from Coarse- and Ultrafine-Grained Al-Mg-Si Alloy Obtained via Friction Stir Welding

Lipińska

2023

Materials

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In the present study, the welding of coarse- (CG) and ultrafine-grained (UFG) Al-Mg-Si alloy using friction stir welding (FSW) was attempted. The purpose of welding the UFG material was to check the possibility of applying FSW to materials with a thermally unstable microstructure, which is achieved by severe plastic deformation. This group of materials has significant potential due to the enhanced mechanical properties as a result of the elevated number of structural defects. The CG sample was also examined in order to assess whether there is an influence of the base material microstructure on the weld microstructure and properties. To refine the microstructure, incremental equal channel angular pressing was used. Plastic deformation resulted in grain refinement from 23 µm to 1.5 µm. It caused an increase in the microhardness from 105 HV0.1 to 125 HV0.1 and the tensile strength from 320 MPa to 394 MPa. Similar welds obtained using an FSW method exhibited good quality and grain size in a stir zone of 5 µm. For both welds, a decrease in the microhardness occurred in the stir zone. However, for the weld of UFG Al-Mg-Si, the microhardness distribution was homogeneous, while for the weld of the CG, it was inhomogeneous, which was caused by different characteristics of the second-phase precipitates. The tensile strength of the welds was lowered and equaled 269 MPa and 220 MPa for the CG and UFG welds, respectively.

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Local changes in the microstructure, mechanical and electrochemical properties of friction stir welded joints from aluminium of varying grain size

Cited by 5 publications

References 52 publications

A surface and corrosion characterisation of micro arc oxidation treated friction stir welded ZM21 and ZE41 magnesium alloy: a comparison study

A surface and corrosion characterisation of micro arc oxidation treated friction stir welded ZM21 and ZE41 magnesium alloy: a comparison study

Influence of temperature and plastic deformation on AA2024 T3 friction stir welded joint microstructure

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Joints from Coarse- and Ultrafine-Grained Al-Mg-Si Alloy Obtained via Friction Stir Welding

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