We consider sign changes of Fourier coefficients of Hecke-Maass cusp forms for the group SL3(Z). When the underlying form is self-dual, we show that there are ≫ε X 5/6−ε sign changes among the coefficients {A(m, 1)} m≤X and that there is a positive proportion of sign changes for many self-dual forms. Similar result concerning the positive proportion of sign changes also hold for the real-valued coefficients A(m, m) for generic GL3 cusp forms, a result which is based on a new effective Sato-Tate type theorem for a family of GL3 cusp forms we establish. In addition, non-vanishing of the Fourier coefficients is studied under the Ramanujan-Petersson conjecture.2 Here ν φ = (ν1, ν2) ∈ C 2 is the spectral parameter of φ and ν φ := |2ν1 + ν2| 2 + |ν2 − ν1| 2 + |ν1 + 2ν2| 2 .