Local and systemic innate immunity in broiler chickens supplemented with yeast-derived carbohydrates

Abstract

A study was conducted to assess the effect of yeast-derived carbohydrates (YDC) on performance and innate immune responses of broiler chickens. In total, 1,080 one-day-old birds were randomly assigned to one of 3 dietary treatments (n = 360): a standard broiler diet containing monensin (control), control + bacitracin methylene disalycylate (BMD), and YDC treatment (control + YDC at 0.02%, 0.01%, and 0.005% for starter, grower, and finisher, respectively). Weekly BW, feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded. Immune organ weights, gut morphology, gene expression, heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L), and serum IgG were determined at d 42. No significant difference in FCR, FI, and mortality was observed among treatments. However, BW gain in starter phase was higher in control and YDC treatments compared with BMD treatment. Ileal villi height, crypt depth, and their ratio were not significantly different among treatments, whereas villi width was lower in control and YDC treatments compared with BMD treatment. The number of goblet cells per unit area in the ileum was lower in BMD treatment compared with control and YDC treatments. Expression of TLR2b and IL-6 in the ileum and cecal tonsils was not significantly different among treatments (P > 0.05). Expression of TLR4 was downregulated in YDC treatment compared with control in the ileum. Expression of IL-12p35 and IFN-γ were downregulated in the YDC treatment only in the cecal tonsils. Compared with the control, the expression of IL-10 in both the ileum and the cecal tonsils was downregulated in YDC treatment. Serum IgG and H:L ratio were lower and higher, respectively, in the YDC treatment compared with control and BMD treatments. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of YDC affected intestinal cytokines anti-inflammatory profile on a gut location associated immune pathways manner, suggesting different immune pathways that require further studies in this field.

Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles

“…Intestinal morphometry revealed no differences between dietary treatments in terms of fold length, in agreement with previous studies in other vertebrate species [34,39,58]. However, fold width was reduced in fish fed cMOS, which could be due to a reduced engrossment of the submucosa within the fold basis.…”

“…Additionally, dietary cMOS inclusion reduces the homogeneity and diversity of the ileum and caecal microflora in rabbits [36], without effect on nutrient digestibility or carcass quality of meat [37]. Besides, cMOS supplementation modulated gene expression of some immune-related genes involved in cellular immune response, mucus production, antimicrobial and inflammatory responses obtaining, in some cases, a great similarity to those profiles obtained after an antibiotic pulse supplementation for other intensive produced animals [29e31, 33,38,39].…”

Prebiotic and antimicrobials on performance, carcass characteristics, and antibody production in broilers

“…Despite the positive effects of the use of MoS on the immune system reported by several authors (ShAShIDhARA & DEVEGowDA, 2003;MuNyAKA et al, 2012) in the present study was not observed significant difference (P>0.05) between treatments on the levels of IgG to infectious bronchitis. Probably the use of wood shaving beds of two consecutive batches was not sufficient for stimulation of increase in the IgG production by immune system.…”

“…Regarding on the action of Mannan oligosaccharides MuNyAKA et al (2012) stated that the differences between results reported in the studies may be due to differences between experimental protocols, production phase, conditions in which the experiment was conducted, source, type, and concentration of MoS used in the additive.…”

“…According to these authors, improvement in immune system activation occurs due to an improvement in the absorption of some nutrients such as Zn, Cu, and Se or all of them both. MuNyAKA et al (2012) attribute such improvement in the immune system to an increase in the activity of the T and B cells.…”