Local and systemic autonomic nervous effects on cell  migration to the spleen

Rogausch, H; Zwingmann, Detlev; Trudewind, Mirjam; Rey, Adriana del; Voigt, Karlheinz; Besedovsky, Hugo O.

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00411.2002

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…In view of the historical role of acetylcholine as a potent vasodilator, and the relatively abundant cholinergic innervation to blood vessels seen in the current study, acetylcholine (and perhaps vagus nerve stimulation) may modulate immunity via local or systemic hemo- and lymphodynamic changes. In the past, studies have shown that autonomic nerves influence splenic immunity via blood flow (Reilly, 1985; Rogausch et al, 2003). In addition to modulating blood and lymph flow, it has been proposed that autonomic neurons endings in the spleen can directly modulate immune cell activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal and nonneuronal cholinergic structures in the mouse gastrointestinal tract and spleen

Gautron

Rutkowski

Burton

et al. 2013

J of Comparative Neurology

116

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Accumulating evidence demonstrates that acetylcholine can directly modulate immune function in peripheral tissues including the spleen and gastrointestinal tract. However, the anatomical relationships between the peripheral cholinergic system and immune cells located in these lymphoid tissues remain unclear due to inherent technical difficulties with currently available neuroanatomical methods. In this study, mice with specific expression of the tdTomato fluorescent protein in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-expressing cells were used to label preganglionic and postganglionic cholinergic neurons and their projections to lymphoid tissues. Notably, our anatomical observations revealed an abundant innervation in the intestinal lamina propria of the entire gastrointestinal tract principally originating from cholinergic enteric neurons. The aforementioned innervation frequently approached macrophages, plasma cells, and lymphocytes located in the lamina propria and, to a lesser extent, lymphocytes in the interfollicular areas of Peyer’s patches. In addition to the above innervation, we observed labeled epithelial cells in the gallbladder and lower intestines, as well as Microfold cells and T-cells within Peyer’s patches. In contrast, we found only a sparse innervation in the spleen consisting of neuronal fibers of spinal origin present around arterioles and in lymphocyte-containing areas of the white pulp. Lastly, a small population of ChAT-expressing lymphocytes was identified in the spleen including both T- and B-cells. In summary, this study describes the variety of cholinergic neuronal and nonneuronal cells in a position to modulate gastrointestinal and splenic immunity in the mouse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal and nonneuronal cholinergic structures in the mouse gastrointestinal tract and spleen

Gautron

Rutkowski

Burton

et al. 2013

J of Comparative Neurology

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The pulsating vessels, which may be the arteriolar capillaries that were reported in human spleen, control the flow of blood into the white pulp nodules and may be responsible for these hotspots (10). In fact, a recent report showed that blood flow to the rat spleen could be greatly increased by denervation of the organ, suggesting the existence of a mechanism for control of blood flow in the spleen (35). It is quite feasible that the autonomic nervous system controls these pulsating vessels allowing for rapid changes in blood flow through the spleen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravital microscopy comparing T lymphocyte trafficking to the spleen and the mesenteric lymph node

Grayson¹,

Hotchkiss

Karl³

et al. 2003

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Lymphocyte rolling velocity is determined largely by interactions between leukocyte α4-integrin (CD49d) and L-selectin and mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) in mesenteric postcapillary venules and Peyer's patch high endothelial venules (HEVs). The role of these interactions in other tissue sites of lymphocyte emigration is not known. With the use of real-time intravital confocal microscopy, we found that rolling velocities of T lymphocytes in the murine mesenteric lymph node (MLN) HEV also depend on L-selectin and CD49d. However, in the murine spleen, rolling velocities of T lymphocytes are not influenced by the loss of L-selectin and CD49d. With the use of FITC-dextran and TIE2-GFP mice, we further defined the microvascular compartments of the spleen and showed that adherence of T cells is localized to regions in the white pulp that are not lined by endothelial cells and have shear rates similar to bone marrow sinusoids. These results establish that T cell trafficking to the spleen differs from trafficking to other secondary lymphoid organs and suggest that the mechanical properties of the blood-filtering role of the spleen are important in T cell accumulation in the organ.

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“…It was demonstrated recently that stimulation with either epinephrine or norepinephrine induced an increased accumulation of lymphocytes in spleen and lymph nodes 1-2 hours after injection with a complex re-distribution pattern from the splenic red to the white pulp and to the pericortex of lymph nodes [49]. In line with this, it was proposed that the spleen may be the main source for the observed adrenergic cell mobilization, but studies in splenectomized volunteers revealed that in these subjects, cells were mobilized from other sources, for example the marginal pool [21,47,[49][50][51][52][53].…”

Section: The Immunomodulatory Effect Of Peripheral Circulating Catechmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catecholamines: Physiological Immunomodulators During Health and Illness

Oberbeck

2006

CMC

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The existence of an immune-endocrine interaction has been reported and the modulatory effects of the natural occurring catecholamines epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine as well as of pharmaceutically generated catecholamines like dopexamine on a wide variety of immune functions were demonstrated. Furthermore, it was noticed that these effects are mediated by specific adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors expressed on the surface of immunological target cells. At first, the adrenergic immunomodulation was predominantly investigated in healthy volunteers and profound immunomodulatory effects were reported for endogenously released and exogenously administered catecholamines. To further elucidate the physiological significance of these interactions, investigators tried to reveal the importance of the catecholaminergic modulation of the immune system under pathological conditions like hemorrhagic shock and systemic inflammation, since catecholamines and adrenergic antagonists are frequently used drugs in the treatment of the critically ill. Furthermore, the interaction between catecholamines and the immune system is supposed to be an important factor in the development of autoimmune diseases and may influence their progress. In addition to the effects of peripheral circulating catecholamines, it was demonstrated that catecholamines that are released within the central nervous system may profoundly influence the activity of the peripheral immune system. Starting with a short historical overview over the immunomodulatory effects of blood catecholamines under good health conditions during critical illness and during autoimmune disease will be reviewed and the immunomodulatory effects of centrally released catecholamines will be discussed.

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Local and systemic autonomic nervous effects on cell migration to the spleen

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Neuronal and nonneuronal cholinergic structures in the mouse gastrointestinal tract and spleen

Neuronal and nonneuronal cholinergic structures in the mouse gastrointestinal tract and spleen

Intravital microscopy comparing T lymphocyte trafficking to the spleen and the mesenteric lymph node

Catecholamines: Physiological Immunomodulators During Health and Illness

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