“…Thus, impurities such as heavy metals, endotoxins, proteins, and polyphenolic compounds may be present in alginate that could potentially cause an immune response (23). But, no foreign body reaction was observed when alginate was processed via multistep purification technique in an animal model (30,35). Therefore, based on the literatures, it appears that in some cases, alginate polymer may exert immunogenic responses, but in others, alginate appears to be non-immunogenic.…”