Local and remote thermoregulatory changes affect NIRS measurement in forearm muscles

Messere, Alessandro; Roatta, Silvestro

doi:10.1007/s00421-015-3208-7

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Experimental considerations. Thermoregulatory-induced changes to skin blood flow have been shown to influence NIRS-derived measurements at rest ( 16) and when combined with exercise (35,45). All measurements in the present investigation took place at rest with the laboratory in a thermoneutral state (~23°C).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of adipose tissue thickness, muscle site, and sex on near-infrared spectroscopy derived total-[hemoglobin + myoglobin]

Craig

Broxterman

Wilcox

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Craig JC, Broxterman RM, Wilcox SL, Chen C, Barstow TJ. Effect of adipose tissue thickness, muscle site, and sex on near-infrared spectroscopy derived total-[hemoglobin + myoglobin]. J Appl Physiol 123: 1571-1578, 2017. First published September 21, 2017; doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00207.2017 .-Adipose tissue thickness (ATT) attenuates signals from near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and diminishes the absolute quantification of underlying tissues by contemporary NIRS devices. Based on the relationship between NIRS-derived total-[hemoglobin + myoglobin] (total-[Hb + Mb]) and ATT, we tested the hypotheses that the correction factor for ATT 1) is muscle site specific; 2) does not differ between men and women; and that 3) exclusion of the shortest source-detector distance from data analysis increases total-[Hb + Mb]. Fourteen healthy subjects (7 men) rested in a neutral body position (supine or prone) while measurements of total-[Hb + Mb] and ATT were taken at four muscles common to resting and exercise studies: vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), gastrocnemius (GS), and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS). ATT averaged 6.0 ± 0.4 mm across all muscles. Every muscle showed a negative slope ( r: 0.6-0.94; P < 0.01) for total-[Hb + Mb] as a function of ATT: VL (-34 μM/mm), RF (-26 μM/mm), GS (-54 μM/mm), and FDS (-33 μM/mm). The projected total-[Hb + Mb] at 0 mm ATT ( y-intercept) was 452, 372, 620, and 456 μM for VL, RF, GS, and FDS, respectively. No differences were found between the sexes within VL, RF, or FDS, but men had a greater projected total-[Hb + Mb] at 0 mm for GS (688 ± 44 vs. 552 ± 40 μM; P < 0.05). Exclusion of the shortest source-detector distance increased total-[Hb + Mb] by 12 ± 1 μM ( P < 0.05). The present findings demonstrate that total-[Hb + Mb] should be corrected for ATT using muscle site-specific factors which are not sex specific, except in the case of GS. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an important tool for physiologists and clinicians. However, adipose tissue greatly attenuates the signals from these devices. Correcting for this attenuation has been suggested based on the strength of the relationship between NIRS-derived measurements and the adipose tissue thickness. We show that this relationship is unique to the muscle site of interest but may not be sex specific. Accurate quantification of underlying tissue mandates researchers correct for adipose tissue thickness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of adipose tissue thickness, muscle site, and sex on near-infrared spectroscopy derived total-[hemoglobin + myoglobin]

Craig

Broxterman

Wilcox

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…Local hemodynamic changes induced by leg compression were measured using a continuous-wave NIRS device (NIRO-200NX; Hamamatsu Photonics, Hamamatsu, Japan), which, besides the classical modified Lambert-Beer method, supports spatially resolved spectroscopy (SRS; 16,52). Since mechanosensitive vascular reactivity appears to be more prominently expressed by muscular than by cutaneous tissues (57), we focused our attention on SRS parameters, which, being less affected by cutaneous circulation, provide more specific monitoring of muscle tissue (2,36,37). Since NIRS cannot discriminate between hemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb), all measurements always refer to Hb ϩ Mb in the sample volume (51).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased tissue oxygenation explains the attenuation of hyperemia upon repetitive pneumatic compression of the lower leg

Messere

Ceravolo

Franco

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Physiology

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The rapid hyperemia evoked by muscle compression is short lived and was recently shown to undergo a rapid decrease even in spite of continuing mechanical stimulation. The present study aims at investigating the mechanisms underlying this attenuation, which include local metabolic mechanisms, desensitization of mechanosensitive pathways, and reduced efficacy of the muscle pump. In 10 healthy subjects, short sequences of mechanical compressions ( = 3-6; 150 mmHg) of the lower leg were delivered at different interstimulus intervals (ranging from 20 to 160 s) through a customized pneumatic device. Hemodynamic monitoring included near-infrared spectroscopy, detecting tissue oxygenation and blood volume in calf muscles, and simultaneous echo-Doppler measurement of arterial (superficial femoral artery) and venous (femoral vein) blood flow. The results indicate that ) a long-lasting (>100 s) increase in local tissue oxygenation follows compression-induced hyperemia, ) compression-induced hyperemia exhibits different patterns of attenuation depending on the interstimulus interval,) the amplitude of the hyperemia is not correlated with the amount of blood volume displaced by the compression, and ) the extent of attenuation negatively correlates with tissue oxygenation ( = -0,78, < 0.05). Increased tissue oxygenation appears to be the key factor for the attenuation of hyperemia upon repetitive compressive stimulation. Tissue oxygenation monitoring is suggested as a useful integration in medical treatments aimed at improving local circulation by repetitive tissue compression. This study shows that ) the hyperemia induced by muscle compression produces a long-lasting increase in tissue oxygenation,) the hyperemia produced by subsequent muscle compressions exhibits different patterns of attenuation at different interstimulus intervals, and ) the extent of attenuation of the compression-induced hyperemia is proportional to the level of oxygenation achieved in the tissue. The results support the concept that tissue oxygenation is a key variable in blood flow regulation.

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“…The TOI, while having the advantage to focus on tissues in depth, i.e., the muscles ( Messere and Roatta, 2013 , 2015 ), derives the measurement from the whole sample volume, i.e., including arterial and venous vessels. Thus, its measurement is not specifically related to the microcirculation and may be affected by blood oxygenation changes, particularly in venous compartments, which are likely to take place in this kind of experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The device implements both the classical modified Lambert–Beer method ( Ferrari et al, 2011 ) and the spatially-resolved spectroscopy methods ( Matcher et al, 1995 ). Based on our previous experience we focused our attention on spatially-resolved parameters which, being less affected by cutaneous circulation, provide a more specific monitoring of muscle tissue hemodynamics ( Canova et al, 2011 ; Messere and Roatta, 2013 , 2015 ). The device provides an indicator of tissue oxygenation [tissue oxygenation index (TOI)], representing the percentage ratio of oxygenated to total hemoglobin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyper-Oxygenation Attenuates the Rapid Vasodilatory Response to Muscle Contraction and Compression

et al. 2018

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A single muscle compression (MC) with accompanying hyperemia and hyper-oxygenation results in attenuation of a subsequent MC hyperemia, as long as the subsequent MC takes place when muscle oxygenation is still elevated. Whether this is due to the hyper-oxygenation, or compression-induced de-activation of mechano-sensitive structures is unclear. We hypothesized that increased oxygenation and not de-activation of mechano-sensitive structures was responsible for this attenuation and that both compression and contraction-induced hyperemia attenuate the hyperemic response to a subsequent muscle contraction, and vice-versa. Protocol-1) In eight subjects two MCs separated by a 25 s interval were delivered to the forearm without or with partial occlusion of the axillary artery, aimed at preventing hyperemia and increased oxygenation in response to the first MC. Tissue oxygenation [oxygenated (hemoglobin + myoglobin)/total (hemoglobin + myoglobin)] from forearm muscles and brachial artery blood flow were continuously monitored by means of spatially-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and Doppler ultrasound, respectively. With unrestrained blood flow, the hyperemic response to the second MC was attenuated, compared to the first (5.7 ± 3.3 vs. 14.8 ± 3.9 ml, P < 0.05). This attenuation was abolished with partial occlusion of the auxillary artery (14.4 ± 3.9 ml). Protocol-2) In 10 healthy subjects, hemodynamic changes were assessed in response to MC and electrically stimulated contraction (ESC, 0.5 s duration, 20 Hz) of calf muscles, as single stimuli or delivered in sequences of two separated by a 25 s interval. When MC or ESC were delivered 25 s following MC or ESC the response to the second stimulus was always attenuated (range: 60–90%). These findings support a role for excess tissue oxygenation in the attenuation of mechanically-stimulated rapid dilation and rule out inactivation of mechano-sensitive structures. Furthermore, both MC and ESC rapid vasodilatation are attenuated by prior transient hyperemia, regardless of whether the hyperemia is due to MC or ESC. Previously, mechanisms responsible for this dilation have not been considered to be oxygen sensitive. This study identifies muscle oxygenation state as relevant blunting factor, and reveals the need to investigate how these feedforward mechanisms might actually be affected by oxygenation.

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Local and remote thermoregulatory changes affect NIRS measurement in forearm muscles

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Effect of adipose tissue thickness, muscle site, and sex on near-infrared spectroscopy derived total-[hemoglobin + myoglobin]

Effect of adipose tissue thickness, muscle site, and sex on near-infrared spectroscopy derived total-[hemoglobin + myoglobin]

Increased tissue oxygenation explains the attenuation of hyperemia upon repetitive pneumatic compression of the lower leg

Hyper-Oxygenation Attenuates the Rapid Vasodilatory Response to Muscle Contraction and Compression

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