Local and regional spread of chikungunya fever in the Americas

Cauchemez, Simon; Ledrans, Martine; Poletto, Chiara; Quénel, Philippe; Valk, Henriette de; Colizza, Vittoria; Boëlle, Pierre‐Yves

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.28.20854

Cited by 122 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Local transmission of CHIKV in the Caribbeans was very effective. The initial reproduction number (mean number of secondary cases generated by an index case) ranged from 1 to 4 [79]. Therefore, this large outbreak of CHIKV quickly spread to several areas where the vectors were present.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Chikv By Continentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence and Surveillance of Chikungunya

et al. 2015

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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, causes a disease characterised by fever, headache, skin rash, myalgias and severe arthralgias: the latter can persist for years. Following the first report in Africa in 1952, sporadic epidemics have been registered in Africa and in Asia before 2000. Since 2005, huge outbreaks have been reported, caused by globalisation (increasing displacement of humans and mosquitoes) and by an evolutionary success related to the adaptation of CHIKV to the mosquito vector: Therefore, CHIKV spread also in Europe, Oceania and the Americas. In endemic areas, seroprevalence studies could contribute to early detection of epidemics and to have a real picture of the burden of this disease. In temperate areas where Aedes aegypti and/or Aedes albopictus are present, CHIKV control measures require surveillance of imported and autochthonous cases, rapid diagnosis to detect local outbreaks and entomological surveillance.

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Section: Epidemiology Of Chikv By Continentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence and Surveillance of Chikungunya

et al. 2015

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“…Indeed, the occurrence of a large chikungunya outbreak on several Caribbean islands [11][12][13] during the season of Aedes albopictus vector activity in southern France [14] became problematic for public health risk management because of the high number of imported cases recorded [15]. While virus transmission remained under control in 2014, with moderate local transmission of dengue and chikungunya viruses [16], this situation can be expected to repeat in the future and requires an efficient public health strategy rooted in quantitative risk assessment under the current and alternative strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imported chikungunya cases in an area newly colonised by Aedes albopictus: mathematical assessment of the best public health strategy

Sochacki

Jourdain²,

Perrin³

et al. 2016

Eurosurveillance

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We aimed to identify the optimal strategy that should be used by public health authorities against transmission of chikungunya virus in mainland France. The theoretical model we developed, which mimics the current surveillance system, predicted that without vector control (VC), the probability of local transmission after introduction of viraemic patients was around 2%, and the number of autochthonous cases between five and 15 persons per hectare, depending on the number of imported cases. Compared with this baseline, we considered different strategies (VC after clinical suspicion of a case or after laboratory confirmation, for imported or autochthonous cases): Awaiting laboratory confirmation for suspected imported cases to implement VC had no significant impact on the epidemiological outcomes analysed, mainly because of the delay before entering into the surveillance system. However, waiting for laboratory confirmation of autochthonous cases before implementing VC resulted in more frequent outbreaks. After analysing the economic cost of such strategies, our study suggested implementing VC immediately after the notification of a suspected autochthonous case as the most efficient strategy in settings where local transmission has been proven. Nevertheless, we identified that decreasing reporting time for imported cases should remain a priority.

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“…14, 15 The diagnostic results suggest that this patient had most likely first contracted Dengue in Brazil and then, had a second infection with CHIKV in Haiti. However, we cannot confirm this hypothesis; Dengue IgM response can last up to 3 months.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chikungunya Virus Infection: First Detection of Imported and Autochthonous Cases in Panama

Díaz¹,

Carrera²,

Cerezo³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that was only endemic in Africa and south Asia until 2005 and, when the virus spread into the Indian Ocean islands, Europe, and Asia. Autochthonous CHIKV transmission in the Caribbean islands was reported in December of 2013. In Panama, two febrile cases were detected in May of 2014: one traveling from Haiti, and the other traveling from the Dominican Republic. After other imported cases were detected, the first autochthonous case was reported in August of the same year. We detected CHIKV viral RNA and isolated the virus from serum samples. The phylogenetic analysis of the two imported isolates and one autochthonous CHIKV isolate indicated that the viruses belong to the Asian lineage in the Caribbean clade and are related to viruses recently identified in Saint Martin island, British Virgin Islands, China, and the Philippines. Although the circulating CHIKV lineages in the Americas have not yet been described, our results suggest that the Asian lineage is circulating in most American countries reporting autochthonous infection.Chikungunya virus (CHIKV; Alphavirus, Togaviridae) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that is endemic in Africa and some countries in Asia. In 2004, a CHIKV epidemic in costal Kenya was reported, and by 2005 and 2006, CHIKV had spread to the Indian Ocean island of La Reunion as well as Asia, where it caused major epidemics. Several imported cases were reported in Europe and the Americas.1 Three mayor lineages of CHIKV have been described: the east, central and south African (ECSA) lineage, the west African lineage, and the Asian lineage.2 A single mutation in the ECSA strain allowed the emergence of the Indian Ocean outbreak lineage (IOL) because of the increase of viral infectivity, dissemination, and transmission of CHIKV in Aedes albopictus.3,4 The IOL has been related to the explosive CHIKV epidemics in the Indian Ocean and Asia and autochthonous infections in Italy and the south of France as well as several imported cases into the Americas.2,5 Therefore, it was believed that the IOL of CHIKV would reach the Americas, 6 where the two vectors Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus have an overlapping distribution 7 and adapt to cause autochthonous infection. Autochthonous CHIKV infections caused by the Asian lineage were reported in December of 2013 on the French island of Saint Martin and spread to several others Caribbean islands and Latin American countries in 2014. 8,9 Here, we report the detection of imported cases of CHIKV in Panama and the establishment of autochthonous infections as well as the results of the genetic characterization of the CHIKV viral strains.On May 13 and 14, 2014, two suspected cases of Chikungunya fever were detected in two public medical facilities in Panama City, Panama. The first patient (256114) was a 23-yearold male with the following travel history: Brazil to Haiti to Panama to Brazil. The day before his travel to Haiti from Rio de Janeiro (May 6), he presented fever, myalgia, and general malaise; he ...

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Local and regional spread of chikungunya fever in the Americas

Cited by 122 publications

References 20 publications

Emergence and Surveillance of Chikungunya

Emergence and Surveillance of Chikungunya

Imported chikungunya cases in an area newly colonised by Aedes albopictus: mathematical assessment of the best public health strategy

Chikungunya Virus Infection: First Detection of Imported and Autochthonous Cases in Panama

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