“…The intrinsic dimensionality of an HDD could be considered as the minimum number of parameters needed for explaining the observed properties of the data. Moreover, such parameters could preserve both global and local structure of the HDD in the lower-dimensional representative space [28]. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) [9] and multidimensional scaling (MDS) [30] techniques that linearly map an HDD into a lower dimensional representation are broadly used in business and marketing applications for DR and data visualization.…”