Local Alpha1‐Antitrypsin Accelerates the Healing of Tympanic Membrane Perforation in Mice

Abstract

BackgroundMost tympanic membrane (TM) perforations heal spontaneously, but 10%–20% remain chronic and might lead to impaired hearing and recurrent middle ear infections. Alpha1‐antitrypsin (AAT) is a circulating tissue‐protective protein that is elevated under inflammatory conditions and is currently indicated for genetic AAT deficiency. Recently, AAT has been shown to promote tissue remodeling and inflammatory resolution.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the effects of local clinical‐grade AAT treatment on tissue repair in a mouse model of acute traumatic TM perforation.MethodsWild‐type mice underwent unilateral TM perforation and were either left untreated or treated locally with human AAT (9 × 10−3 mL at 20 mg/mL on days 0, 1, and 2; n = 15/group). The perforations were evaluated macroscopically on a serial basis. Mice were sacrificed on various days post‐injury, and TMs were excised for gene analysis by RT‐PCR.ResultsThere were no adverse reactions in hAAT‐treated ears throughout the study period. Compared with untreated animals, TM closure occurred earlier in the treated group (days until full closure, median: 4 and 9, respectively). According to gene expression analysis, VEGF, TGFβ, and collagen‐5A1 were induced earlier in AAT‐treated mice (day 4–5 compared with day 9). Additionally, IL‐10 expression levels were higher and IL‐6 levels were lower in treated versus untreated mice.ConclusionA local tissue environment rich in AAT promotes early tissue repair in a perforated TM model both macroscopically and molecularly. Studies are underway to examine TM functionality and recombinant AAT formulations for micro‐dosing in the format of a single local application.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 2024