Local adaptation, intrapopulation adult emergence patterns, sex and prolonged diapause regulate the rate of postwinter development in pupae of the European cherry fruit fly

Moraiti, Cleopatra A.; Nakas, Christos T.; Papadopoulos, Nikos T.

doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blw042

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…It is, however, noted that the geographical variation in diapause duration is weakened whenever pupae are exposed to non‐optimal chilling temperatures (either lower or higher temperatures than the optimum ones). As far as post‐winter development is concerned, R. cerasi populations respond differently to increased temperatures (from 15 to 25 °C) for concluding post‐winter development; however, their responses are in line with neither the heterogeneity of fruit phenology patterns at local scale (early‐ripening versus late‐ripening cherry cultivars), nor their genetic distance (Moraiti et al ., ). On the other hand, the duration of post‐winter developmental period of pupae with prolonged diapause did not differ among R. cerasi populations from ecologically different habitats (Moraiti et al ., ).…”

Section: The Case Of R Cerasimentioning

confidence: 97%

“…As far as post‐winter development is concerned, R. cerasi populations respond differently to increased temperatures (from 15 to 25 °C) for concluding post‐winter development; however, their responses are in line with neither the heterogeneity of fruit phenology patterns at local scale (early‐ripening versus late‐ripening cherry cultivars), nor their genetic distance (Moraiti et al ., ). On the other hand, the duration of post‐winter developmental period of pupae with prolonged diapause did not differ among R. cerasi populations from ecologically different habitats (Moraiti et al ., ). Overall, it is suggested that the durations of diapause and post‐winter developmental periods of R. cerasi pupae are adapted to local habitats.…”

Section: The Case Of R Cerasimentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Factors that accelerate diapause termination (high winter temperature, long cold exposure, increase in day length) combined with high temperatures throughout the post‐diapause developmental period were found to increase developmental rates, promoting synchronization in adult emergence (Baker & Miller, ; Bosch & Kemp, , ; Sgolastra et al ., ; Xiao et al ., ; Stålhandske et al ., ). Geographical origin is another factor that might affect post‐diapause developmental rates in insects of the temperate zone (Teixeira & Polavarapu, ; Posledovich et al ., ; Stålhandske et al ., ; Moraiti et al ., ). Within populations, males of Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera species were found to complete post‐diapause development faster than females (a phenomenon known as ‘protandry’) (Eller et al ., ; Buhl et al ., ; Stålhandske et al ., ; Posledovich et al ., ), implying that sex may have an impact on post‐diapause development, as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Obligate annual and successive facultative diapause establish a bet‐hedging strategy of Rhagoletis cerasi (Diptera: Tephritidae) in seasonally unpredictable environments

Moraiti

Papadopoulos

2017

Physiol. Entomol

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To cope with temporal and spatial heterogeneity of habitats, herbivorous insects in the temperate zone usually enter diapause that facilitates synchronization of their life cycle with specific stages of host plants, such as fruit ripening. In the present study, we address those factors regulating dormancy responses as part of a 'longer strategy' to persist and thrive in temperate environments, focusing on Rhagoletis cerasi, a univoltine, oligophagous species, which overwinters as pupae and emerges when host fruits are available for oviposition at local scale. To ensure population survival and reproduction at habitats with ecological heterogeneity, R. cerasi has evolved a sophisticated diapause strategy based on a combination of local adaptation and diversified bet-hedging strategies. Diapause duration is determined both by (i) the adaptive response to local host fruit phenology patterns (annual diapause) and (ii) the plastic responses to unpredictable inter-annual (temporal) climatic variability that drives a proportion of the populations to extend dormancy by entering a second, successive, facultative cycle of prolonged diapause as part of a bet-hedging strategy. Besides the dormant periods, post-diapause development (which varies among populations) exerts 'fine tune' adjustments that assure synchronization and may correct possible errors. Adults emerging from pupae with prolonged diapause are larger in body size compared with counterparts emerging during the first year of diapause. However, female fecundity rates are reduced, followed by an extended post-oviposition period, whereas adult longevity remains unaffected. Overall, it appears that R. cerasi populations are adapted to ecological conditions of local habitats and respond plastically to unpredictable environmental (climatic) conditions.

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Section: The Case Of R Cerasimentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: The Case Of R Cerasimentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Obligate annual and successive facultative diapause establish a bet‐hedging strategy of Rhagoletis cerasi (Diptera: Tephritidae) in seasonally unpredictable environments

Moraiti

Papadopoulos

2017

Physiol. Entomol

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“…Other environmental factors such as latitude (Dambroski & Feder, 2007) and cultivar (Guillén et al, 2011) are also shown to affect diapause in Rhagoletis species and we include these two factors in the present study of potential influences on the thermal requirement of R. completa. Finally, the relationships between sex, puparial weight and thermal requirement are evaluated because research on R. cerasi reports the common occurrence of protogyny (Moraiti et al, 2017), with earlier emergence of females than males, and anecdotal evidence of this is reported for R. completa (Boyce, 1934).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature and other environmental factors on the post‐diapause development of walnut husk fly Rhagoletis completa (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Emery

Mills

2018

Physiol. Entomol.

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To more effectively manage walnut husk fly Rhagoletis completa (Diptera: Tephritidae), in California walnut orchards, it is important to understand the factors that affect the timing of adult emergence. In the present study, we examine the effects of incubation temperature, pre‐chill and chill durations, latitude, cultivar and size on the post‐diapause development of R. completa puparia. The lower developmental threshold, upper developmental threshold and optimal temperature for puparial development are estimated to be 4, 34 and 26.6 °C, respectively. The thermal requirement for adult emergence after 120 days of chilling is estimated to be 2024 degree days. Percentage adult emergence declines at both higher and lower incubation temperatures. Chill duration at 5 °C for diapausing puparia has a nonlinear negative effect on the thermal requirement but no effect on percentage emergence. Insufficient chilling leads to poor synchronization of adult emergence. Greater pre‐chill duration at room temperature increases the thermal requirement and slightly decreased percentage emergence. Latitude has a negative effect on the thermal requirement. Puparia from northern California black walnut (Juglans hindsii) have a slightly greater thermal requirement than puparia from cultivated walnut (Julgans regia). There is no significant difference in puparial fresh weight or mean thermal requirement between males and females, although the positive correlation between thermal requirement and puparial fresh weight is stronger for females than males. The effects of temperature and other environmental factors on the post‐diapause development of R. completa are discussed in relation to observations from other Rhagoletis species.

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“…For the insects of the temperate zone, exposure to low temperatures (0–10°C) is typically a prerequisite for diapause termination (Saulich and Musolin, 2012). Then, high temperatures accelerate post-diapause developmental rates and promote synchronization of adult emergence (Stålhandske et al ., 2015; Moraiti et al ., 2017). Populations from ecologically different habitats have shown differential responses to environmental factors (particularly temperature and photoperiod) for terminating diapause and/or concluding post-diapause development (Moraiti et al ., 2014, 2017; Stålhandske et al ., 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of photoperiod and relative humidity on diapause termination and post-winter development ofRhagoletis cerasipupae

Moraiti

Köppler

Vogt

et al. 2020

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a univoltine species that undergoes obligatory summer–winter diapause at pupal stage in the soil (2–5 cm) beneath host trees. To study the effects of photoperiod and relative humidity on diapause termination and post-winter developmental duration of R. cerasi, pupae collected from Dossenheim (Germany) were exposed to different photoperiod or relative humidity regimes during a chilling period ranging from 2 to 8.5 months. Specifically, pupae were exposed to four photoperiod regimes: (a) light conditions (24L:00D), (b) dark conditions (00L:24D), (c) short photoperiod (08L:16D) and (d) long photoperiod (16L:08D), as well as to three relative humidity regimes: (a) low (40% RH), (b) medium (60% RH) and (c) high (70–80% RH). Data revealed that relative humidity is not a significant predictor of diapause termination, but it affects the post-winter developmental period. Higher relative humidity promotes post-winter pupae development. On the other hand, photoperiod significantly affected both diapause termination and post-winter development of R. cerasi pupae. Light conditions (24L:00D) accelerate adult emergence, particularly for females. Regardless of the photoperiod (24L:00D, 00L:24D, 08L:16D), rates of adult emergence were high (>75%) for chilling intervals longer than 6.5 months. Nonetheless, exposure to a long day photoperiod (16L:08D), during chilling, dramatically reduced the proportion of adult emergence following 6 months exposure to chilling. Our findings broaden the understanding of factors regulating diapause responses in European cherry fruit fly, local adaptation and synchronization of adult emergence with the ripening period of major hosts.

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Local adaptation, intrapopulation adult emergence patterns, sex and prolonged diapause regulate the rate of postwinter development in pupae of the European cherry fruit fly

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

Obligate annual and successive facultative diapause establish a bet‐hedging strategy of Rhagoletis cerasi (Diptera: Tephritidae) in seasonally unpredictable environments

Obligate annual and successive facultative diapause establish a bet‐hedging strategy of Rhagoletis cerasi (Diptera: Tephritidae) in seasonally unpredictable environments

Effects of temperature and other environmental factors on the post‐diapause development of walnut husk fly Rhagoletis completa (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Effects of photoperiod and relative humidity on diapause termination and post-winter development ofRhagoletis cerasipupae

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