Local adaptation and host–parasite interactions

Gandon, Sylvain; Zandt, Peter A. Van

doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(98)01358-5

Cited by 130 publications

(104 citation statements)

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“…This process should lead to local adaptation, where a parasite population has higher mean performance on local vs. foreign host populations (Lively, 1996;Gandon & Van Zandt, 1998;Mopper & Strauss, 1998). Local adaptation may also be defined as the noninvasibility of a parasite population by competing foreign parasites, but throughout this paper we consider the former definition.…”

Section: Conventional Wisdom: Parasites Are Locally Adaptedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local adaptation in host–parasite systems

1998

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In host-parasite coevolutionary arms races, parasites probably have an evolutionary advantage. Parasite populations should be locally adapted, having higher mean fitness on sympatric than allopatric hosts. Here we assess evidence for local parasite advantage. Further we investigate how adaptation and counter-adaptation of parasites and hosts, necessarily occurring in sympatry, can generate a pattern of local adaptation. Already simple frequency-dependent selection models generate complex patterns of parasite performance on sympatric and allopatric populations. In metapopulations, with extinction, recolonization, and gene flow, variable selection pressure and stochasticity may obscure local processes or change the level at which local adaptation occurs. Alternatively, gene flow may introduce adaptive variation, so differential migration rates can modify the asymmetry of host and parasite evolutionary rates. We conclude that local adaptation is an average phenomenon. Its detection requires adequate replication at the appropriate level, that at which the local processes occur.

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Section: Conventional Wisdom: Parasites Are Locally Adaptedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local adaptation in host–parasite systems

1998

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“…Parasite dispersal is one of the key factors affecting the dynamics and coevolution of hostparasite interactions (Thompson, 1994). The degree of parasite dispersal among populations has indeed had an influence on the pattern of local adaptation (Gandon and Van Zandt, 1998), the evolution of host resistance (Barrett, 1980), and the very coexistence of hosts and pathogens (Thrall et al, 1993;Thrall and Antonovics, 1995). Pattern of within-population dispersal of pathogens may affect the evolution of their virulence: in a population with local dispersal, individuals tend to be aggregated with their relatives, and one expects a decrease in virulence by kin selection (Van Baalen and Rand, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of within population dispersal and mating of the fungus Microbotryum violaceum parasitising the plant Silene latifolia

Giraud

2004

Heredity

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This study explores the patterns of dispersal and mating of the anther smut Microbotryum violaceum, a model species in genetics and evolutionary biology. A French metapopulation of the fungus collected from its caryophyllaceous host Silene latifolia was analysed using microsatellites. The genetic diversity was low, populations were strongly differentiated, and there was no pattern of isolation by distance among populations. There was a strong deficit in heterozygotes, confirming the high self-fertilisation rates suggested by previous studies. Within populations there was a strong pattern of isolation by distance, with identical genotypes being highly clustered. This indicates that fungal spores are dispersed mostly between adjacent plants, and such local dispersal is important for understanding the dynamics and evolution of this disease. Local clusters of identical heterozygous genotypes did not contain significantly fewer individuals than did clusters of homozygous genotypes. As selfing between products of independent meiotic events (intertetrad selfing) rapidly reduces heterozygosity, this suggests that intratetrad matings are frequent, which helps to explain the puzzling maintenance of a sex-ratio distortion in M. violaceum. Heredity (2004) 93, 559-565.

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“…As a consequence of specializing on the most common genotypes, parasites may become adapted to their sympatric host. On average, locally adapted parasites are expected to be more infectious to sympatric hosts than to allopatric hosts of the same species or their fitness is expected to be higher on sympatric than on allopatric hosts (Lively 1989;Ebert and Hamilton 1996;Gandon et al 1996;Gandon and Van Zandt 1998;Kaltz and Shykoff 1998). Conventionally, the usually shorter generation times and the higher reproductive rates of parasites compared to those of their hosts have been thought to contribute to the higher evolutionary potential of the parasites (Hamilton et al 1990;Hafner et al 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

Local Adaptation, Resistance, and Virulence in a Hemiparasitic Plant-Host Plant Interaction

et al. 2000

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Abstract. Coevolution may lead to local adaptation of parasites to their sympatric hosts. Locally adapted parasites are, on average, more infectious to sympatric hosts than to allopatric hosts of the same species or their fitness on the sympatric hosts is superior to that on allopatric hosts. We tested local adaptation of a hemiparasitic plant, Rhinanthus serotinus (Scrophulariaceae), to its host plant, the grass Agrostis capillaris. Using a reciprocal cross-infection experiment, we exposed host plants from four sites to hemiparasites originating from the same four sites in a common environment. The parasites were equally able to establish haustorial connections to sympatric and allopatric hosts, and their performance was similar on both host types. Therefore, these results do not indicate local adaptation of the parasites to their sympatric hosts. However, the parasite populations differed in average biomass and number of flowers per plant and in their effect on host biomass. These results indicate that the virulence of the parasite varied among populations, suggesting genetic variation. Theoretical models suggest that local adaptation is likely to be detected if the host and the parasite have different evolutionary potentials, different migration rates, and the parasite is highly virulent. In the interaction between R. serotinus and A. capillaris all the theoretical prerequisites for local adaptation may not be fulfilled.

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Local adaptation and host–parasite interactions

Cited by 130 publications

References 9 publications

Local adaptation in host–parasite systems

Local adaptation in host–parasite systems

Patterns of within population dispersal and mating of the fungus Microbotryum violaceum parasitising the plant Silene latifolia

Local Adaptation, Resistance, and Virulence in a Hemiparasitic Plant-Host Plant Interaction

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