Lobomycosis-like disease epidemiology, pathology and social affiliations in bottlenose dolphins from Southwestern Gulf of Mexico

Gálvez, Casandra; Tenorio-Osorio, Mónica; Hernández-Candelario, Isabel; Delfín-Alfonso, Christian Alejandro; Morteo, Eduardo

doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.1018118

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…It is noteworthy that the new and more affordable tools may provide valuable information on animal health, including physiology and anatomy for all marine mammal species and their populations (Gálvez et al, 2022). However, the participation of experts in veterinary medicine for marine wildlife research in Mexico is minimal, and most of this research occurs in captive animals, with the notable exception of a handful of studies (Rangel-Martínez, 2014;Hurtado-Mejorada, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and gaps in marine mammal research from Mexico during 1998 – 2021

Escobar-Lazcano

Morteo

Delfín-Alfonso

et al. 2023

Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Mamm.

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Marine mammals are very diverse because of the oceanographic conditions of Mexican waters (where 36% of the current species worldwide are found); however, scientific research on many of these taxa is still at the basic stages. The goal of this study was to assess the scientific information available for these species and to determine research priorities through a GAP (from the acronym "Good", "Average", and "Poor”) analysis. Information from the abstracts of the meetings held by the Mexican Society of Marine Mammalogy (SOMEMMA) and online databases (SCOPUS and Web of Science) between 1998 and 2021 was analyzed using temporal (years), geographic (oceans or states), taxonomic (species), and thematic (topics) classifications. On average, of the 44 species included in the Mexican legislation, only 16 - included in 14 families (with most of the records) - are studied every year, Delphinidae (n = 500; 25.9%), Balaenopteridae (n = 335; 17.4%), and Otariidae (n = 316; 16.4%). The Gulf of California was the most studied region (35.4%), followed by the Northeast Pacific (19.3%), the Gulf of Mexico (15.5%), and the Caribbean Sea (6.9%). The most frequent topics were population ecology (32.9%), conservation (16.7%), and animal health (10.4%). A significant decrease in the taxonomic and thematic diversity of such studies has been noted since SOMEMMA meetings began to be held on a biennial basis. It is noteworthy that marine mammals are protected by Mexican Federal laws. However, stock assessments are not mandatory, therefore biological aspects and trends of several (mostly oceanic) species remain unknown in many places, especially in regions where academic and scientific institutions are not involved in marine science.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and gaps in marine mammal research from Mexico during 1998 – 2021

Escobar-Lazcano

Morteo

Delfín-Alfonso

et al. 2023

Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Mamm.

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“…Furthermore, the occurrence of fungal pathogens, including those responsible for Jorge Lôbo's disease (JLD) or Lobomycosis, a chronic skin disease prevalent in humans in Central and South America, is of interest [5]. Te causative agent of JLD is the fungus Lacazia loboi [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivable Fungi from Amazon River Dolphins Engaged in Wildlife Ecotourism in the Anavilhanas National Park, Brazil

Alves,

Fonseca,

Barroso

et al. 2024

Veterinary Medicine International

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Amazon River dolphins are an important flagship species in the Anavilhanas National Park, Brazil, where they interact with visitors. This study aimed to quantify and identify fungi isolated from dolphin skin and oral samples and their surrounding environment in this unique ecosystem. Samples were collected from three dolphins and water samples from Flutuante dos Botos and the Novo Airão city harbor. Fungi were isolated using culture media and identified through micromorphology assays and ITS region sequencing. Oral swab samples resulted in culture of Trichosporon montevideense and Exophiala dermatitidis. Skin samples from one dolphin revealed Toxicocladosporium irritans and Diaporthe lithocarpus. Water samples exhibited higher fungal counts and diversity, with Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Exophiala dermatitidis, Penicillium citrinum, Fomitopsis meliae, and Nectria pseudotrichia identified at the collection site and Candida spencermartinsiae and Penicillium chermesinum at the city harbor. This study provides important insights into the fungal diversity associated with Amazon River dolphins and their environment, enhancing our understanding of the public health and ecological dynamics in the Anavilhanas National Park.

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A review of lobomycosis and lobomycosis-like skin disease in cetaceans worldwide, with new data from the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador

Van Bressem,

Félix,

Van Waerebeek

2024

Medical Mycology

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Lobomycosis, also called paracoccidioidomycosis ceti, is a chronic mycotic cutaneous disease affecting odontocetes. Lobomycosis-like disease (LLD) has a clinical presentation consistent with lobomycosis but lacks a histological and molecular diagnosis. We review the literature on lobomycosis aetiology, clinical signs and pathogenesis, species affected and geographic distribution and examine the factors influencing the presence, transmission and prevalence of the disease, to better understand its ecology. In addition, we provide unpublished information on LLD in two common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) communities inhabiting the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Lobomycosis and LLD occur in Delphinidae from the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans between 33°N and 35°S. Primary risk factors include habitat, sex, age, sociality, and pollution. In dolphins from the Americas and Japan, lobomycosis is caused by Paracoccidioides ceti, family Ajellomycetaceae. The disease is characterized by cutaneous granulomatous lesions that may occur anywhere on the body, grow to large size, and may ulcerate. Histologically, the lesions consist of acanthosis and histiocytic granulomas between the skin and subcutaneous tissues, with inflammatory changes that extend deep into the dermis. Multiple yeast cells with a double refringent layer stained positive using Gomori-Grocott methenamine silver in the dermis of a T. truncatus from Ecuador diagnosed with LLD since 2011, a first record for the Southeast Pacific. Injuries may enable the entry of P. ceti into the dermis while skin contact likely favours transmission, putting males at higher risk than females. Lobomycosis and LLD may have a negative impact on small communities already threatened by anthropogenic factors.

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Lobomycosis-like disease epidemiology, pathology and social affiliations in bottlenose dolphins from Southwestern Gulf of Mexico

Cited by 3 publications

References 61 publications

Trends and gaps in marine mammal research from Mexico during 1998 – 2021

Trends and gaps in marine mammal research from Mexico during 1998 – 2021

Cultivable Fungi from Amazon River Dolphins Engaged in Wildlife Ecotourism in the Anavilhanas National Park, Brazil

A review of lobomycosis and lobomycosis-like skin disease in cetaceans worldwide, with new data from the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador

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