Lobomycosis in Offshore Bottlenose Dolphins (<i>Tursiops truncatus</i>), North Carolina

Rotstein, David S.; Burdett, Leslie G.; McLellan, William A.; Schwacke, Lori H.; Rowles, Teri; Terio, Karen A.; Schultz, Stacy; Pabst, Ann

doi:10.3201/eid1504.081358

Cited by 62 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…5), that may ulcerate 1 The disease's nomenclature of lobomycosis (or Lobo's disease) is a recommended nomen conservandum by virtue of its common usage since at least 1973 and the fact that it honours its discoverer, Jorge Lobo, who in 1931 described the first case of a chronic, cutaneous mycosis in man, which he then called keloidal blastomycosis and form plaques that may exceed 30 cm in their broadest dimension . Initially only observed in inshore/estuarine Tursiops truncatus and Sotalia guianensis, lobomycosis was recently detected in offshore T. truncatus off northern California, suggesting that its range may be expanding (Rotstein et al 2009) or that its offshore occurrence has eluded scientists to date. Dolphins may live with this progressive disease for several years (Murdoch et al 2008).…”

Section: Lobomycosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether this is due to L. loboi infection or to other causes is still uncertain (Symmers 1983). A review of the literature (Migaki et al 1971, Caldwell et al 1975, Bossart 1984, Simões-Lopes et al 1993, Bossart et al 2003, Moreno et al 2008, Rotstein et al 2009) revealed that at least 11 T. truncatus (9 inshore, 2 offshore) died with advanced lobomycosis in North and South America. Besides the presence of L. loboi in the axillary lymph nodes of one specimen, none of the 5 dolphins investigated in detail had involvement of internal organs or mucous membranes.…”

Section: Lobomycosismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Emerging infectious diseases in cetaceans worldwide and the possible role of environmental stressors

Bressem¹,

Raga²,

Guardo³

et al. 2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

277

270

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We reviewed prominent emerging infectious diseases of cetaceans, examined their potential to impact populations, re-assessed zoonotic risk and evaluated the role of environmental stressors. Cetacean morbilliviruses and papillomaviruses as well as Brucella spp. and Toxoplasma gondii are thought to interfere with population abundance by inducing high mortalities, lowering reproductive success or by synergistically increasing the virulence of other diseases. Severe cases of lobomycosis and lobomycosis-like disease (LLD) may contribute to the death of some dolphins. The zoonotic hazard of marine mammal brucellosis and toxoplasmosis may have been underestimated, attributable to frequent misdiagnoses and underreporting, particularly in developing countries and remote areas where carcass handling without protective gear and human consumption of fresh cetacean products are commonplace. Environmental factors seem to play a role in the emergence and pathogenicity of morbillivirus epidemics, lobomycosis/LLD, toxoplasmosis, poxvirus-associated tattoo skin disease and, in harbour porpoises, infectious diseases of multifactorial aetiology. Inshore and estuarine cetaceans incur higher risks than pelagic cetaceans due to habitats often severely altered by anthropogenic factors such as chemical and biological contamination, direct and indirect fisheries interactions, traumatic injuries from vessel collisions and climate change.

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Section: Lobomycosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lobomycosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging infectious diseases in cetaceans worldwide and the possible role of environmental stressors

Bressem¹,

Raga²,

Guardo³

et al. 2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

277

270

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Histologically, dolphin and human lesions consist of multifocal dermal granulomas with inflammatory infiltrates containing histiocytes, multinucleated giant cells, and large numbers of yeast-like cells, 6 to 12 µm in diameter, arranged singly or in chains connected by tube-like bridges (Migaki et al 1971, Bossart 1984. While historically the lesions and causative organisms appeared morphologically similar, initial gene sequencing of the organism from dolphins suggested it was more closely related to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis than to L. loboi of hu man origin (Rotstein et al 2009). More recent molecular data from HERA dolphins and others supported these preliminary findings and show that a novel uncultivated strain of P. brasiliensis is the cause of dolphin lacaziosis/lobomycosis, which has now been renamed PC (Vilela et al 2016).…”

Section: Paracoccidioidomycosis Cetimentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Environmental Risk Assessment Project for bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus from the southeastern USA. I. Infectious diseases

Bossart¹,

Fair²,

Schaefer³

et al. 2017

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Characterized by greyish, whitish to slightly pink, verrucous lesions, often in pronounced relief, that may ulcerate and form plaques, lobomycosis 2 and LLD naturally affect common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus and Guiana dolphins Sotalia guianensis from Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela and Suriname (de Vries and Laarman, 1973;Simões-Lopes et al, 1993;Van Bressem et al, 2007;Bermudez et al, 2009;Daura-Jorge and Simões-Lopes, 2011). Lobomycosis is caused by a dimorphic fungus resembling Lacazia loboi (Taborda et al, 1999;Hauboldt et al, 2000) but genetically more closely related to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (order Onygenales, family Ajellomycetaceae) (Rotstein et al, 2009;Esperon et al, 2011;Ueda et al, 2013). LLD is 1 Moreno, I.B., Ott, P.H., Tavares, M., Oliveira, L.R., Borba, M.R., Driemeier, D., Nakashima, S.B., Heinzelmann, L.S., Siciliano, S. and Van Bressem, M-F. (2008) Mycotic dermatitis in common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from southern Brazil, with a confirmed record of lobomycosis disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological characteristics of skin disorders in cetaceans from South American waters

Bressem

Flach²,

Reyes³

et al. 2015

Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Mamm.

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Abstract. We document the macroscopic phenotypic characteristics (relative size, location, pattern, colour, extension), prevalence and evolution of five types of skin disorders of unknown aetiology, including 'green-brown plaques' (GBP), 'orange patches' (OPA), 'cutaneous nodules' (NOD), 'pale dermatitis' (PAD) and 'expansive annular lesions' (EAL) in five odontocete species (n = 559 individuals) from the Southeast Pacific (n = 230) and Southwest Atlantic (n = 329) Oceans. GBP affected two likely-adult Sotalia guianensis traveling side-by-side in a freshwater area of the Cananéia Estuary in August 2009. Low salinity is suggested as predisposing factor. OPA were distinguished in three of 209 (1.4%) free-ranging S. guianensis in Sepetiba Bay, Brazil, during winter months of [2005][2006][2007][2008]. Epibiont diatoms are suspected aetiological agents. NOD were chronically present in one male adult Orcinus orca observed off the coast of southern Brazil in 2007-2010. PAD was seen in free-ranging individuals and carcasses of Tursiops truncatus, S. guianensis and Pseudorca crassidens from both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in 1992 and in [2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009]. Prevalence was 1% in 103 S. guianensis from Paranaguá Estuary (Brazil), 2.3% in 222 S. guianensis from Sepetiba Bay and 6.9% in 87 inshore T. truncatus from Paracas Bay, Peru. Although in some cases the lesions covered up to 35-40% of the visible body surface and ulcers may occur there was no evidence of mortality and, in time-series of six individuals, PAD eventually healed. In six T. truncatus and five S. guianensis acutely affected, PAD was associated with minor cutaneous injuries and scars, including tooth rakes, suggesting infection routes for opportunistic pathogens. EAL were noted in a Cephalorhynchus eutropia calf from Palena province, Chile, in 2003 and in a P. crassidens calf washed ashore dead in southern Brazil in 2009. The C. eutropia calf disappeared, and probably died, two weeks after first observation. Prevalence of EAL was 6.7% in 15 C. eutropia in 2002-2004. These data suggest that EAL are potentially lethal in calves. PAD and EAL were primarily seen in cetaceans inhabiting biologically or chemically contaminated nearshore waters. In view of their emergence and occasional severity these disorders should be the subject of systematic monitoring.

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Lobomycosis in Offshore Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), North Carolina

Cited by 62 publications

References 10 publications

Emerging infectious diseases in cetaceans worldwide and the possible role of environmental stressors

Emerging infectious diseases in cetaceans worldwide and the possible role of environmental stressors

Health and Environmental Risk Assessment Project for bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus from the southeastern USA. I. Infectious diseases

Epidemiological characteristics of skin disorders in cetaceans from South American waters

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