Load-to-grain angle dependence of the embedment behavior of dowel-type fasteners in laminated veneer lumber

Schweigler, Michael; Bader, Thomas K.; Hochreiner, Georg; Unger, Gerhard; Eberhardsteiner, Josef

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.09.051

Cited by 45 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This contribution aims at a deeper understanding of the steel dowel embedment behaviour under loading at an angle to the grain by means of a novel biaxial embedment test set‐up. The main difference to the previous test series is the lateral displacement boundary condition during embedment testing. Beside discussing results from embedment tests presented herein, the objective of this contribution is to finally quantify the effect of different lateral dowel displacement conditions on the embedment stress–displacement relationship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…For loading close to perpendicular to the grain, increasing the dowel displacement can however lead to strong displacement hardening effects and, consequently, to even higher embedment stresses than parallel to the grain . This effect was shown to be stronger for smaller dowel diameters . Furthermore, a secondary effect of the anisotropy is encountered for load‐to‐grain angles deviating from the principal material directions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental quantification of embedment characteristics, namely, strength and stiffness properties, is however a challenging task not only due to the variability but also due to the complex mechanical properties of wood. With the experimental data presented in this contribution, a previously established data set is extended and the discussion on the influence of various parameters as related to the material as well as to the testing set‐up is resumed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Embedment characteristics are strongly affected by the anisotropic properties of the wood material. More specifically, the embedment stiffness and the embedment stresses reduce with increasing load‐to‐grain angle, that is, from parallel to perpendicular to the grain loading . For loading close to perpendicular to the grain, increasing the dowel displacement can however lead to strong displacement hardening effects and, consequently, to even higher embedment stresses than parallel to the grain .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, a secondary effect of the anisotropy is encountered for load‐to‐grain angles deviating from the principal material directions. For such loading conditions, lateral displacements or reaction forces are caused due to unconstrained or constrained loading conditions, respectively. As a novel issue, we herein aim to quantify corresponding reaction forces in embedment tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Constrained displacement boundary condition in embedment testing of dowel‐type fasteners in LVL

Schweigler

Bader

Vessby

et al. 2017

Strain

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The influence of the loading orientation with respect to the grain direction of wood and the influence of the lateral dowel displacement boundary condition on the embedment behaviour of steel dowels in laminated veneer lumber (with parallel-laminated veneers) are investigated in this study. For limit states of the lateral boundary condition, the load-displacement behaviour was experimentally studied by means of full-hole embedment tests on screw-reinforced laminated veneer lumber, for two dowel diameters and up to large dowel displacements. A novel biaxial test set-up is proposed for embedment tests with constrained lateral dowel displacement boundary condition, in order to quantify laterally evoked reaction forces. Corresponding forces were found to change orientation with increasing dowel displacement and amounted to about 20% and 40% of the vertical reaction force for dowel displacements of 5 mm and twice the dowel diameter, respectively. The influence of the lateral displacement boundary condition was highlighted by comparison of the test data with a previously established data set for unconstrained embedment testing. Constrained loading showed a stiffer response and higher nominal embedment stresses, as well as a more pronounced displacement hardening, compared to unconstrained loading. KEYWORDSanisotropy, displacement boundary condition, full-hole embedment tests, reinforced laminated veneer lumber, stiffness Notation: d, dowel diameter; R a , arithmetic average of the surface roughness; ini , initial load-to-grain angle; , current load-to-grain angle; , change of loading direction; u v , vertical dowel displacement; u h , horizontal dowel displacement; u sec , secant dowel displacement; u M,v , vertical machine displacement; u M,h , horizontal machine displacement;u M,v , displacement rate;u load M,v , displacement rate at loading;u unload M,v , displacement rate at unloading; f hv , vertical embedment stress; f hh , horizontal embedment stress; f h , resultant embedment stress; F hv , vertical embedment force; F hh , horizontal embedment force; F h , resultant embedment force; F est hv , estimated quasielastic load limit; K unload elast , quasielastic unloading stiffness; K unload plast , elastoplastic unloading stiffness; K load elast , quasielastic loading stiffness; K load plast , elastoplastic loading stiffness; K reload elast , quasielastic reloading stiffness; f hv,5mm , embedment strength acc. to EN 383; f hv,2d , embedment strength at a dowel displacement of two times the dowel diameter; f hv,0.02d , embedment strength determined by 0.02d offset of the quasielastic loading stiffness; f hv,yield , embedment yield strength; f hv,EC5 , embedment strength calculated acc. to Eurocode 5, Eqs. (8.31-8.33); xx , engineering strain in grain direction; yy , engineering strain perpendicular to the grain; xy , engineering shear strain;Strain. 2017;53:e12238.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/str

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Constrained displacement boundary condition in embedment testing of dowel‐type fasteners in LVL

Schweigler

Bader

Vessby

et al. 2017

Strain

Self Cite

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Modeling the Mechanical Behavior of Wood Materials and Timber Structures

Bader

Ormarsson

2023

Springer Handbooks

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Optimisation of cross-banded laminated veneer lumbers manufactured from blending hardwood and softwood veneers

Nguyen

Gilbert

McGavin³

et al. 2019

Eur. J. Wood Prod.

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This paper presents a methodology to optimise the manufacturing strategy of structural cross-banded laminated veneer lumbers (LVL-C) manufactured by mixing species. The methodology is illustrated by blending nativeforest spotted gum (Corymbia citriodora) with plantation southern pine (Caribbean pine (Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii)) veneers. The aim is to minimise the cost of a family of products (i.e. several types of product manufactured from the same veneered stock) using a maximum allowable number of hardwood veneers, and in which each product has different targeted stiffness and embedment strength. Genetic algorithm, which is widely used in the optimisation of structural products, was selected as the optimisation algorithm. The orientation of the veneers and veneer grades are considered as design variables. Results show that the developed algorithm was able to consistently converge to similar solutions for all investigated cases, demonstrating its robustness. For all cases, the "high" modulus of elasticity graded spotted gum and southern pine veneers were found to be predominant in the final products. LVL-C are found in cases with high targeted embedment strength. Finally, the obtained optimum construction strategies are validated against experimental results.

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Load-to-grain angle dependence of the embedment behavior of dowel-type fasteners in laminated veneer lumber

Cited by 45 publications

References 17 publications

Constrained displacement boundary condition in embedment testing of dowel‐type fasteners in LVL

Constrained displacement boundary condition in embedment testing of dowel‐type fasteners in LVL

Modeling the Mechanical Behavior of Wood Materials and Timber Structures

Optimisation of cross-banded laminated veneer lumbers manufactured from blending hardwood and softwood veneers

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