Load Shifting Demand Response in Energy Scheduling Based on Payment Cost Minimization Auction Mechanism

Abstract

Demand response (DR) is proven to be very efficacious for load mitigation especially in peak time period. On the other hand, DR benefits both consumers and system operators to reduce their payment and system operating cost, respectively. Offer cost minimization is currently used as the clearing mechanism with locational marginal pricing scheme to determine the consumers' payment. These clearing and pricing mechanisms are inconsistent as the system cost is being minimized, but the final payments are calculated based on marginal prices. Payment cost minimization (PCM) auction as a price-based clearing mechanism is envisaged to be an effective alternative to solve the issue. This paper shows how to include DR in PCM mechanism to further reduce the consumers' payment. It facilitates utilizing price responsive consumers for load shifting DR (LSDR) in a PCM auction. The optimization problem is modeled as a mixed-integer nonlinear bi-level programming. Duality theorem, Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions and integer algebra are used to convert such a problem to a single level mixed-integer linear programing problem. This problem is then solved by CPLEX solver in GAMS. The impacts of LSDR are studied by implementing the proposed formulation to solve the clearing problem in the case studies deriving promising numerical results.

A Phenomenological Approach to Analysis of Maintenance Activities Impact on Interruption Duration in Electricity Distribution Systems, based on Historical Data and Expert Judgment

“…Among these factors, the duration and frequency of power interruptions play a particularly significant role. Consequently, electricity distribution companies devote their efforts to improving system reliability by mitigating power interruptions [2][3][4][5], utilizing solutions including distribution automation [6][7], distributed generation (DG) [8][9][10], demand-side management (DSM) [11][12][13][14][15], and proactively engaging in maintenance activities [16,17].…”