Load Quantification and Testing Using Flywheel Devices in Sports

Maroto-Izquierdo, Sergio; Raya-González, Javier; Hernández-Davó, José Luis; Beato, Marco

doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.739399

Cited by 16 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The reviews investigating the effect of flywheel training on sprint performance report some inconsistency in attained improvements with elite athletes (e.g., soccer players). To optimize training outcomes, it is recommended practitioners individualize (i.e., create inertia-power or inertia-velocity profiles) and periodize flywheel training using the latest guidelines [5,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When implementing flywheel training, it is recommended that practitioners use lower inertias for power-based actions and individualize training (i.e. create inertia-velocity or inertia-power profiles) if feasible [6,32].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…With healthy populations, weekly improvements in force production (>2%) and muscle size (±1%) have been reported after only several weeks of training [12,[29][30][31]. Due to lacking evidencebased guidelines [10], a greater effort has been made towards developing guidelines for monitoring, testing, and periodization of flywheel training [5,32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of flywheel training on strength and physical capacities in sporting and healthy populations: An umbrella review

2022

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The aim of this umbrella review was to provide a detailed summary of how flywheel training enhances strength and physical capacities in healthy and athletic populations. The eleven reviews included were analyzed for methodological quality according to the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Review 2 (AMSTAR 2) and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Two were systematic reviews, six were systematic reviews with meta-analyses and three were narrative reviews. Although the included reviews support use of flywheel training with athletic and healthy populations, the umbrella review highlights disparity in methodological quality and over-reporting of studies (38 studies were included overall). Flywheel post-activation performance enhancement protocols can effectively enhance strength and physical capacities acutely with athletes and healthy populations. All relevant reviews support flywheel training as a valid alternative to traditional resistance training for enhancing muscular strength, power, and jump performance with untrained and trained populations alike. Similarly, reviews included report flywheel training enhances change of direction performance—although conclusions are based on a limited number of investigations. However, the reviews investigating the effect of flywheel training on sprint performance highlight some inconsistency in attained improvements with elite athletes (e.g., soccer players). To optimize training outcomes, it is recommended practitioners individualize (i.e., create inertia-power or inertia-velocity profiles) and periodize flywheel training using the latest guidelines. This umbrella review provides an analysis of the literature’s strengths and limitations, creating a clear scope for future investigations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of flywheel training on strength and physical capacities in sporting and healthy populations: An umbrella review

2022

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“…Guidelines for implementation and management of flywheel training in soccer are currently lacking (Beato and Dello Iacono, 2020;, possibly limiting its systematic implementation (Sabido et al, 2018;Muñoz-López et al, 2021a). Although the use of arbitrary moments of inertia are utilized with flywheel devices (Lundberg et al, 2019;Presland et al, 2020), objective quantification to enhance training has become of increasing interest and practicality (Maroto-Izquierdo et al, 2021;Muñoz-López et al, 2021a). Specifically, the measurement of concentric and eccentric peak power (and the eccentric:concentric peak power ratio) have become more frequently utilized (Muñoz-López et al, 2021a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, power (i.e., force × velocity) should theoretically be maximized at an intermediate resistance (Hill, 1938). Although technological advances and improvements in the ability to quantify training have been made-many questions remain (Maroto-Izquierdo et al, 2021;Muñoz-López et al, 2021a). For example, various factors (e.g., participant characteristics, exercise, and inertia) may place the individual on the ascending or descending portion of their specific inertia-power relationship, highlighting that arbitrary and pre-determined changes in inertia may result in unknown peak power outcomes (McErlain-Naylor and Beato, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Flywheel Inertia on Peak Power and Its Inter-session Reliability During Two Unilateral Hamstring Exercises: Leg Curl and Hip Extension

Keijzer

McErlain-Naylor²,

Beato³

2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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This study investigated the effect of flywheel moment of inertia (0.029, 0.061, and 0.089 kg·m2) on concentric and eccentric peak power and eccentric:concentric peak power ratio during unilateral flywheel leg curl and hip extension exercises. Moreover, the inter-session reliability of peak power was analyzed during both exercises. Twenty amateur male soccer athletes attended five visits—performing three sets of eight repetitions of either unilateral leg curl or hip extension (all three moments of inertias) during each visit. For the unilateral leg curl, there were no differences in any measure between moments of inertia (p = 0.479) but a higher eccentric than concentric peak power for all moments of inertia (p < 0.001). For the unilateral hip extension, differences between moments of inertia were reported for all measures (p < 0.05). Specifically, the lowest moment of inertia elicited the greatest concentric peak power (p = 0.022), there were no differences with the medium inertia (p = 0.391), and the greatest moment of inertia obtained the greatest eccentric peak power (p = 0.036). Peak power measures obtained acceptable to excellent reliability while the eccentric:concentric ratio reported unacceptable to good reliability for both exercises. A variety of moments of inertia can elicit high eccentric knee flexor demands during unilateral leg curls, whereas higher moments of inertia are needed to achieve an eccentric-overload in peak power during hip extensions. Different exercises may have different inertia-power relationships. Concentric and eccentric peak power measures should continue to inform training, while the eccentric:concentric ratio should not be used.

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Concentric Phase Assistance Enhances Eccentric Peak Power During Flywheel Squats: Intersession Reliability and the Linear Relationship Between Concentric and Eccentric Phases

Wren

Beato

McErlain-Naylor

et al. 2023

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Background: It remains unknown if flywheel-assisted squats can be reliably utilized to increase power outputs and if such outputs are related. Objectives: To compare assisted and unassisted flywheel squat peak power outputs, determine their reliability, and analyze the relationship of the delta difference between peak power outputs during the squats. Methods: Twenty male athletes attended the laboratory 6 times—performing 3 sets of 8 repetitions of assisted and unassisted squats during 2 familiarization sessions and then 3 sets of 8 repetitions during experimental sessions 3 to 6 (2 sessions for unassisted and assisted squat in randomized order, respectively). Results: Concentric and eccentric peak power were significantly greater during assisted squats (both P < .001, d = 1.59, d = 1.57, respectively). Rating of perceived exertion (P = .23) and eccentric:concentric ratio (P = .094) did not differ between squat conditions. Peak power measures obtained excellent reliability, while rating of perceived exertion and eccentric:concentric ratio estimates were rated as acceptable to good, with greater uncertainty. A large to very large correlation (r = .77) was found between concentric and eccentric peak power delta difference of assisted and unassisted squats. Conclusions: Greater concentric outputs during assisted squats induce greater eccentric outputs and obtain greater mechanical load. Peak power is a reliable metric for monitoring flywheel training, whereas the eccentric:concentric ratio should be used with caution. Eccentric and concentric peak power are strongly related during flywheel squats, evidencing the need to maximize the concentric output to enhance the eccentric output.

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Load Quantification and Testing Using Flywheel Devices in Sports

Cited by 16 publications

References 42 publications

The effect of flywheel training on strength and physical capacities in sporting and healthy populations: An umbrella review

The effect of flywheel training on strength and physical capacities in sporting and healthy populations: An umbrella review

The Effect of Flywheel Inertia on Peak Power and Its Inter-session Reliability During Two Unilateral Hamstring Exercises: Leg Curl and Hip Extension

Concentric Phase Assistance Enhances Eccentric Peak Power During Flywheel Squats: Intersession Reliability and the Linear Relationship Between Concentric and Eccentric Phases

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