Load modeling techniques in distribution networks: a review

Abstract

Power system operation and control required models of generators, lines and loads to be accurately estimated, this is to enable operators make a reliable decision on the system. Generators and lines models are so far considered accurate, while load models are considered perplexing due to invention of new types of loads, distribution system are transforming from passive to active. Future distribution systems are desired to be smart and for a network to be smart the system as to be fully and accurately represented. Penetration of renewable energy and application of power electronic devices as well as participation of active customers in distribution systems make traditional methods of load modeling absolute. Accurate load modeling is required to address the new challenges evolving in the task of power system operation, control and stability studies. It is also an interest of power system researchers globally to realize Smart Networks (SNs), in which accurate load models are required. This work described a review of techniques and approaches for load modeling from traditional methods to the state of art in the area. In addition, gaps in the literature as well as research directions are also pointed out.

Estado del Arte y Tendencias en el Modelamiento de Carga

“…Aunque en la literatura existen revisiones bibliográficas actuales al respecto, como [16], [17], a criterio y conocimiento de los autores este trabajo tiene las siguientes ventajas: i) se presenta la primera metodología sistemática de clasificación bibliográfica enfocada específicamente al modelamiento de carga; ii) es la primera revisión bibliográfica que deduce metódicamente las tendencias actuales y las áreas poco investigadas, y; iii) este trabajo prioriza las investigaciones de la última década para determinar las tendencias actuales y nichos futuros de investigación.…”

A Deep-Learning Approach to Load Modeling in Modern Power Distribution System

“…Power systems consist of three different branches; Generators, lines, and loads. Diverse models of generators are searched with a high level of precision, likewise transmission lines, but due to varied nature of power system loads, time and different disturbances affecting distribution lines as well as innovation of new types of loads, Load Models (LMs) need to be search and formulated for more understanding and accuracy [2][3][4]. In power system stability studies, simulation, monitoring, control, and protection exact LMs are required.…”

“…e composite load model combines the two and it is o en more realistic in DN representations. Details of these classi cations can be obtained in [3]. In this paper, a composite load based measurement approach is chosen for the reasons outlined above.…”

An Investigative Study on Impact of Frequency Dynamics in Load Modeling

“…In many simulation studies, loads are model as static components; this assumption is actually an approximation. Nowadays, some researchers are replacing the static models with dynamic models so that it will be closer to the real system Dynamics [4]. However, modeling Distribution Network (DN) as a dynamic model alone does not have any physical meaning since loads in any DN is jointly a static and a dynamic component.…”

“…Hence, it can be said that including frequency dynamics in load modeling depends on the intended application of the model. Keywords: Feed forward neural network, load modeling, measurement-based approach, composite load, V-FD distribution systems, this method is practically not viable, unlike the measurement-based method, which employs the use of measurement instruments to capture the voltage/ frequency dependency on the real (active) and reactive powers expended by the load [4]. The measurement-based is easier and more accurate method since high-resolution measurement devices such as Smart Meter (SM), Power and Harmonic Analyzer (PHA), Frequency Disturbances Recorder (FDR), Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), etc.…”