Load Frequency Control Incorporating Electric Vehicles Using FOPID Controller with HVDC Link

Pahadasingh, Sunita; Jena, Chitralekha; Panigrahi, Chinmoy Kumar

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2305-2_15

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Frequency and power regulation [28], where the authors studied FOPID automatic generation control of multi-thermal areas including HVDC; iii.…”

Section: Fopid Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Tunicate Swarm NFOPID-Based Load Frequency Control of the Egyptian Power System Considering New Uncontrolled Wind and Photovoltaic Farms

Fayek¹,

Kotsampopoulos²

2021

Energies

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This paper presents load frequency control of the 2021 Egyptian power system, which consists of multi-source electrical power generation, namely, a gas and steam combined cycle, and hydro, wind and photovoltaic power stations. The simulation model includes five generating units considering physical constraints such as generation rate constraints (GRC) and the speed governor dead band. It is assumed that a centralized controller is located at the national control center to regulate the frequency of the grid. Four controllers are applied in this research: PID, fractional-order PID (FOPID), non-linear PID (NPID) and non-linear fractional-order PID (NFOPID), to control the system frequency. The design of each controller is conducted based on the novel tunicate swarm algorithm at each operating condition. The novel method is compared to other widely used optimization techniques. The results show that the tunicate swarm NFOPID controller leads the Egyptian power system to a better performance than the other control schemes. This research also presents a comparison between four methods to self-tune the NFOPID controller at each operating condition.

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“…Frequency and power regulation [28], where the authors studied FOPID automatic generation control of multi-thermal areas including HVDC; iii.…”

Section: Fopid Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Tunicate Swarm NFOPID-Based Load Frequency Control of the Egyptian Power System Considering New Uncontrolled Wind and Photovoltaic Farms

Fayek¹,

Kotsampopoulos²

2021

Energies

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“…During system disturbances, an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) adjusts the field winding current to maintain a consistent terminal voltage on the generator. The AVR loop was not used by the authors of References 2‐9 in their investigations. For small‐signal stability analysis, the AVR loop influences the ALFC loop 11,12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been expanded by the authors in Reference 3 to look at multi‐area IPS in a deregulated electricity system. The EVs participation in frequency regulation studies has been reported in References 4‐7. Battery state‐of‐charge (SOC) determines how well an electric vehicle (EV) performs 2 .…”

Section: Introduction and Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the performance of consolidated voltage–frequency control of multi‐area hybrid interconnected power systems using electric vehicles

Dekaraja¹,

Saikia

2023

Energy Storage

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Electricity consumers desire a reliable and uninterrupted power supply for their equipment. Frequency and voltage are fluctuated due to the increase in intermittent renewable sources in the power systems. To mitigate these problems, a novel multi‐term fractional‐order PID (MFOPID) controller is proposed for improving the combined voltage‐frequency control of a three‐area hydrothermal system (THS) that incorporates a realistic dish‐Stirling solar thermal system (RDSTS). Suitable nonlinearity constraints are considered in both thermal‐hydro units. The proposed controller parameters are optimized using the artificial flora algorithm. Electric vehicle (EV) fleets have been introduced for the first time into the system under consideration. The MFOPID controller outperforms the PID with filter coefficient (PIDN) controller, according to a comparative assessment of the system dynamic responses under various investigations. Investigations exhibit that the system dynamic performance marginally degrades after the incorporation of the RDSTS into all control area of the three‐area THS. The analysis reveals that the assimilation of EVs into the considered system provides better system damping and reduces oscillations and peak deviations. The efficiency of electric vehicles is influenced by battery state‐of‐charge (SOC). The system performance deteriorates when the SOC of the EVs is more than 80% charging and less than 50% discharging at the time of disturbance. Moreover, the MFOPID controller provides a faster injection of EV power into the system during perturbation compared to the PIDN controller. Sensitivity analysis validated the MFOPID controller's sturdiness against numerous physical system conditions.

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“…The effect of a three degree-of-freedom PID (3DOFPID) controller can also be experimented with for this proposed system [9]. A fractional-order controller has greater flexibility towards parameter variations as compared to a conventional controller [10][11]. In [12], load frequency control of multi-area system incorporated with distributed generation resources optimized tilted integral derivative controller has been discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closed-Loop Tuning of Cascade Controller for Load Frequency Control of Multi-Area Distributed Generation Resources Optimized by ASOS Algorithm

Pahadasingh

Jena²,

Panigrahi³

2022

IJEEI

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This paper provides closed-loop tuning of the cascaded-tilted integral derivative controller (CC-TID) for load frequency control (LFC) of a microgrid system. A microgrid system is the arrangement of distributed generation resources such as a wind turbine generator (WTG), fuel cell (FC), aqua electrolyzer (AE), diesel engine generator (DEG), and battery energy storage system (BESS). Different controllers such as proportional integral derivative (PID), two degrees of freedom (2DOFPID), three degrees of freedom (3DOFPID), and tilted integral derivative (TID) are used not only to sustain the disparity between real power generation and load demand but also accomplish zero steady-state error to enrich the frequency and tie power regulations. The anticipated controller encompasses both the value of cascade (CC) and fractional order (FO) controls for better elimination of system instabilities. In the proposed CC-3DOFPID-TID controller, the TID controller is cast-off as a slave controller, and the 3DOFPID controller aided the role of the dominant controller. The controlled parameters are optimized by an adaptive symbiotic organism search (ASOS) algorithm for keen results of difficulties in LFC. To persist in an ecosystem, symbiotic relations are predictable by an organism through imitators. Further, the dynamic behaviors of the controller optimized by ASOS, teaching learning-based optimization (TLBO), and differential evolution particle swarm optimization (DEPSO) are compared by extensive simulations in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Moreover, the supremacy of the proposed controller is performed through system dynamics comparison among PID, 2DOFPID, 3DOF-PID, and CC-3DOFPID-TID controllers. Finally, the sensitivity of the proposed controller has been proven through random load perturbation.

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Load Frequency Control Incorporating Electric Vehicles Using FOPID Controller with HVDC Link

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Central Tunicate Swarm NFOPID-Based Load Frequency Control of the Egyptian Power System Considering New Uncontrolled Wind and Photovoltaic Farms

Central Tunicate Swarm NFOPID-Based Load Frequency Control of the Egyptian Power System Considering New Uncontrolled Wind and Photovoltaic Farms

Enhancing the performance of consolidated voltage–frequency control of multi‐area hybrid interconnected power systems using electric vehicles

Closed-Loop Tuning of Cascade Controller for Load Frequency Control of Multi-Area Distributed Generation Resources Optimized by ASOS Algorithm

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