Load-Carrying Capacity of Double-Shear Bolted Connections with Slotted-In Steel Plates in Squared and Round Timber Based on the Experimental Testing, European Yield Model, and Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics

Abstract

Nowadays, the use of timber as a building material is gaining more prominence. When designing timber structures, it is necessary to pay increased attention to the design of their connections. The commonly used connections are dowel-type connections, which are often used in combination with steel plates slotted into cut-outs in timber members. The presented paper deals with the behavior of double-shear bolted connections of squared timber and round timber with slotted-in steel plates. Several variants of connections with different distances between the fastener and the loaded end were selected for the experimental testing. A total of six types of test specimens were made from spruce timber, for which their selected physical properties were determined and evaluated before the experimental testing. Test specimens of bolted connections were first tested in tension parallel to the grain until failure under quasi-static loading. The connections were broken by splitting. Ductile failure preceded brittle failure. The actual load-carrying capacities were lowest for the lowest end distance. The load-carrying capacities for the middle and the longest end distances were comparable. The results of the experiments were then used for comparison with calculation procedures according to the standard for the design of timber structures and with calculations according to the theory of linear elastic fracture mechanics. The experiments and the analytical models were supported by a simple numerical analysis based on the finite element method.

Ultimate Shear Force of an Any Anchor Group Post-Installed into Concrete

“…The strength of the vast majority of the tested specimens reported in the literature was dictated by premature failure modes [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. In fact, the mechanisms that occurred in most of the experimental tests were concrete pry-out failure, concrete splitting, concrete breakout, concrete edge failure, or anchor failure.…”

“…Moreover, the phenomena that have been investigated for cast-in and post-installed shear anchors are premature failure modes, i.e., concrete edge failure, concrete splitting, anchor failure, concrete breakout, concrete pry-out failure, cyclic load failure, collapse due to prying actions [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. Conversely, strength dictated by the concrete that surrounds the anchors by a pure shear mechanism has not been investigated, although this failure mode is the one that provides the greatest strength, so it should be the aim of anchor design as long as the geometric conditions allow it.…”

Analytical Investigation into the Rotational Performance of Glulam Bolted Beam-Column Connections under Coupled Bending Moment and Shear Force

“…Thus, the safety of glulam beam-column structure mainly depends on the bearing capacity of connections in timber structures. Connections in glulam beamcolumn structure are generally connected by steel plates and bolts [3][4][5]. The bolted connections characterized by clear force transmission and easy installation [6] have some moment-resisting capacities.…”

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Load-Carrying Capacity of a Timber Semi-Rigid Dowel-Type Connection

“…It can be an excellent tool for the understanding of the behavior of connections in timber structures. Dobeš 2022 [ 35 ], Braun 2022 [ 36 ], and Kupniewska 2021 [ 37 ] dealt with the calibration and validation of numerical models according to experimental tests.…”