LncRNA PCGEM1 in Human Cancers: Functions, Mechanisms and Promising Clinical Utility

Abstract

As novel members of the noncoding RNA family, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been widely reported to function as powerful regulators in gene expression processes, including chromosome remodeling, transcription interference and posttranscriptional modification. With the rapid development of metagenomic sequencing, numerous studies have indicated that the dysregulation of lncRNAs is closely associated with diverse human diseases, especially cancers. Prostate Gene Expression Marker 1 (PCGEM1), a recently identified lncRNA, has been reported to play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of multiple tumors by interacting with pivotal regulators of tumor-related signaling pathways. In this review, we will retrospectively review the recent studies of the expression of lncRNA PCGEM1 in human cancers and comprehensively describe the underlying regulatory mechanism by which PCGEM1 functions in tumors. More importantly, based on the relationship between PCGEM1 and cancers, the potential application of PCGEM1 in clinical diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic treatment will also be highlighted.

H1Innovative approaches to combat anti‐cancer drug resistance: Targeting lncRNA and autophagy

“…LncRNA PCGEM1 was initially discovered to be overexpressed in prostate cancer and to promote tumor growth. It has since been found to have a similar effect in other cancers 122,123 . Han et al.…”

“…It has since been found to have a similar effect in other cancers. 122,123 Han et al silenced PCGEM1 in LNCaP prostate cells and treated them with baicalein. They found that reducing PCGEM1 expression enhanced the inhibitory effect of baicalein on tumor cell proliferation and colony formation, induced apoptosis and autophagy and increased the sensitivity of LNCaP cells to baicalein.…”

“…It has since been found to have a similar effect in other cancers. 122 , 123 Han et al. silenced PCGEM1 in LNCaP prostate cells and treated them with baicalein.…”

The functions of long noncoding RNAs on regulation of F-box proteins in tumorigenesis and progression

“…FBXW11 maintained stem-cell-like characters and enhanced liver metastasis via governing SIRT1 transcription in colorectal cancer ( 38 ). LncRNA PCGEM1 has been found to participate in the initiation and development of a variety of cancers via regulating several signaling pathways ( 39 ). LncRNA PCGEM1 expression was remarkably increased in cervical cancer specimens, which was associated with FIGO stage, lymph node metastasis, poor survival and distant metastasis in cervical cancer patients ( 40 ).…”

Expression analysis of lncRNAs in pituitary adenoma

“…However, contribution of many other lncRNAs to this process has not been evaluated yet. HOTTIP, ANRIL, PANDAR, PCGEM1 and HOTAIR are among lncRNAs with established roles in the pathogenesis of human cancers, particularly those originated from endocrine organs [7][8][9] . The current study aims at assessment of expression of these lncRNAs in pituitary adenomas in comparison with the adjacent non-cancerous pituitary tissues.…”